Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Granville

Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Granville, GCB, PC (12 October 1773 – 8 January 1846), styled Lord Granville Leveson-Gower from 1786 to 1815 and The Viscount Granville from 1815 to 1833, was a British Whig statesman and diplomat from the Leveson-Gower family.

The Right Honourable The Earl Granville GCB PC
Portrait by Thomas Lawrence
Ambassador to Russia
In office 1804–1805
Preceded by	Sir John Borlase Warren, Bt
Succeeded by	The Lord Cathcart
In office 1807–1812
Preceded by	The Marquess of Douglas and Clydesdale
Succeeded by	The Viscount Cathcart
Ambassador to France
In office 1824–1828
Preceded by	Charles Stuart
Succeeded by	The Lord Stuart de Rothesay
In office 1830–1835
Preceded by	The Lord Stuart de Rothesay
Succeeded by	The Lord Cowley
In office 1835–1841
Preceded by	The Lord Cowley
Succeeded by	The Lord Cowley
Personal details
Born	(1773-10-12)12 October 1773
Died	8 January 1846(1846-01-08) (aged 72)
Nationality	British
Political party	Whig
Spouse(s)	Lady Harriet Cavendish (m.1809)
Children	7
Parent(s)	Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford Lady Susanna Stewart
Alma mater	Christ Church, Oxford

Background and education

Granville was the second son and youngest child of Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford from his marriage to Lady Susanna Stewart, daughter of Alexander Stewart, 6th Earl of Galloway. His elder, paternal half-brother was George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland.

Granville was educated at Dr. Kyle's school at Hammersmith, and then privately by John Chappel Woodhouse. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford, in April 1789 but never took a degree. Nevertheless, ten years later, in 1799, the honorary degree of DCL was conferred upon him.^[1]

Career

Granville began his career as a member of the House of Commons, representing Lichfield from 1795 to 1799, and Staffordshire for the next sixteen years. From 1797 to 1799 he was Colonel of the 2nd Staffordshire Militia.^[2] Granville served as British ambassador to Russia (10 August 1804 – 28 November 1805 and 1806–1807) and France (1824–1828, 1830^[3]–1835, 1835–1841).

In 1815 he was raised to the peerage as Viscount Granville of Stone Park in the County of Stafford.^[4] In 1833 during his second stint as ambassador to France, he was created Earl Granville and also Baron Leveson of Stone Park in the County of Stafford.^[5][6]

Personal life

While a recent historian describes Granville as "a drab figure, the original stuffed-shirt – starch outside, sawdust within,",^[7] he was celebrated as a male beauty in his own time, with Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger comparing him to "Hadrian's Antinous".^[8]

Lord Granville married Lady Harriet Cavendish (1785–1862), daughter of William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire and Lady Georgiana Spencer, in 1809. They had three sons and two daughters:

• Lady Susan Georgiana (25 October 1810^[9] – 30 April 1866) married George Pitt-Rivers, 4th Baron Rivers. Together they had twelve children, eight of whom survived infancy.
• Lady Georgiana Charlotte (23 September 1812 – 19 January 1885)
• Granville George (11 May 1815 – 31 March 1891), succeeded his father
• Hon. William Henry (2 October 1816 – 26 May 1833), died after several years of paraplegia believed to have been caused by an infection^[10]
• Hon. Edward Frederick (3 May 1819 – 30 May 1907)

Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Granville with his wife Harriet and their children.

Prior to marrying Lady Harriet Cavendish in 1809, Granville was the lover of Lady Harriet's maternal aunt, Henrietta Ponsonby, Countess of Bessborough (née Lady Henrietta Frances Spencer), with whom he fathered two illegitimate children: Harriette Stewart and George Stewart. For seventeen year,s she "loved [Granville] to idolatry",^[11] but then, she understood that he must marry in order to further his career and assure his posterity, and so she actively collaborated in the arrangements for his wedding to Lady Harriet (known in the family as "Harry-O"), who was understandably reluctant to marry her aunt's lover.^[12]

Granville had numerous other love affairs, including with Lady Hester Stanhope, the adventurer and antiquarian, who attempted suicide after he jilted her in 1804. It was speculated at the time, and by her biographers since, that Stanhope was pregnant at the time with Granville's child.^[13]

Lord Granville died in January 1846, aged 72. The Countess Granville died in November 1862, aged 77.^[14][15]