Grand Paris Express

The Grand Paris Express (French: [ɡʁɑ̃ paʁi ɛkspʁɛs]; GPE) is a project consisting of new rapid transit lines and the extension of existing lines being built in the Île-de-France region of France. The project comprises four new lines for the Paris Métro, plus extensions of the existing Lines 11 and 14. A total of 200 kilometres (120 mi) of new tracks and 68 new stations are to be added, serving a projected 2 million passengers a day.^[5]

Grand Paris Express
The planned network of the Grand Paris Express
Overview
Owner	RATP
Locale	Île-de-France
Transit type	Rapid transit
Number of lines	6 (4 new lines, 2 extended lines)
Number of stations	68[1]
Operation
Began operation	24 June 2024 (Line 14 extension)
Operator(s)	RATP for Lines 11 and 14 ORA (RATP Dev, Alstom, ComfortDelGro) for Line 15 south[2] Keolis for Lines 16, 17 and 18[3]
Technical
System length	200 km (120 mi)[4]
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge

The new lines were originally indexed by colour (Red Line, Pink Line, Green Line, Blue Line), but this was changed in 2013 to continue the numbering convention that the RATP uses. They are therefore now known as Line 15, Line 16, Line 17 and Line 18.^[6] The constructed lines are planned to open in stages, starting with the Line 14 extension in June 2024, until 2031.^[7]

Since August 2013, the New Grand Paris steering committee has met quarterly.^[8] The first public inquiry, focused on the southern section of Line 15 from Pont de Sèvres to Noisy–Champs, was held from October to mid-November 2013.^[9] Work on Line 15 began in 2015. Its first section between Pont de Sèvres Métro station and Noisy–Champs RER A station was scheduled at that time to open around 2020, but this has now been pushed back to late 2026.^[10] This line was first proposed in the Orbival project, then integrated into the Arc Express.

Line 11 extension

Main article: Paris Métro Line 11

Line 11
Legend
Châtelet Victoria workshop Hôtel de Ville Rambuteau Arts et Métiers République Goncourt Belleville Pyrénées Jourdain Place des Fêtes Télégraphe Porte des Lilas Mairie des Lilas Lilas workshop Serge Gainsbourg Romainville–Carnot * Montreuil–Hôpital ** La Dhuys Coteaux Beauclair Rosny–Bois-Perrier ** Rosny workshop proposed extension proposed extension Villemomble Neuilly–Les Fauvettes Neuilly–Hôpitaux Noisy–Champs *
(*) Under Construction     (**) Planned
This diagram: view talk edit

To ensure better commuter service to the inner northeastern suburbs, a six-station, 5.4-kilometre (3.4 mi) eastern extension of Line 11, not considered part of the Grand Paris Express project, opened from Mairie des Lilas to Rosny-sous-Bois. The scheme was initially lobbied for by the local authorities of these suburbs, and was adopted during the 2007 review of the Île-de-France Transportation Plan. Work on the extension to Rosny – Bois-Perrier started in 2015^[11] and opened on 13 June 2024.^[12] It provides connections with the RER E and an eventual extension of Île-de-France tramway Line 1, which better links central Paris with the commuter hub of Châtelet–Les Halles.

List of new stations and connections (with opening dates)

New stations	Towns served	Connection	Opening date[11][12]
Serge Gainsbourg	Les Lilas		13 June 2024
Place Carnot	Romainville, Noisy-le-Sec
Montreuil Hôpital	Montreuil, Noisy-le-Sec	(potential)
La Dhuys	Montreuil, Noisy-le-Sec, Rosny-sous-Bois
Côteaux Beauclair	Noisy-le-Sec, Rosny-sous-Bois
Rosny – Bois-Perrier	Rosny-sous-Bois

Revisions in the Grand Paris Express Plan and possible automation

A revised plan for the proposed Grand Paris Express subway system was unveiled on 6 March 2013, and calls for a second extension of Line 11 to be built towards Noisy–Champs, this second extension being considered part of the Grand Paris Express project. The target opening date is 2030, but might be pushed back. Should the second extension be built, Line 11 will eventually be fully automated.^[13] Automatic train operation was not implemented with the Rosny extension, although the RATP and STIF had considered the possibility of adding it later on.

Rolling stock

An MP 59-trainset, this model was fully retired from the line on 23 May 2024.

An MP 14 CC-trainset, which entered on service on 1 June 2023.

Line 11 was the first metro line converted to rubber-tyred pneumatic operation, and its first set of rubber-tyred rolling stock was the MP 55, which operated from October 1956 through January 1999. They were then replaced by refurbished MP 59 stock from Line 4. The MP 55 stock consisted of 4 carriages, as did the replacement MP 59 stock. One MP 73 of line 6 was in service on the 11 as well.

Île-de-France Mobilités planned to replace the aging fleet of Line 11 with MP 14 series trains around the time of the opening of the extension to Rosny-sous-Bois. The new trains are driver-operated as the MP 59 fleet was, but they are 5 cars long and have open gangways.^[14][15] An initial 20 trains were ordered in February 2018, with an additional 19 trains ordered in July 2021.^[16] Production began in late 2020, and testing in summer 2021.^[16]

The first new MP 14 CC (manual transit) were deployed in June 2023, with four new trains entering service each Tuesday to replace four MP 59 transferred to the Rosny-sous-Bois workshop on Monday nights to be retired. Twenty new MP 14-manual transit were deployed by summer 2023, with an additional nineteen new trains deployed in spring 2024 to serve the extension to Rosny–Bois-Perrier.^[17] The ceremonial final runs of the MP 59 took place on 23 May 2024, with #'s 6069, 6073 and 6087 being the final three to be withdrawn.

Line 14 extension

v t e Line 14
Legend
Saint-Denis–Pleyel **** Mairie de Saint-Ouen Saint-Ouen workshop Saint-Ouen Porte de Clichy Pont Cardinet Saint-Lazare Madeleine Pyramides Châtelet Gare de Lyon Bercy Cour Saint-Émilion Seine Bibliothèque François Mitterrand Olympiades Maison Blanche Hôpital Bicêtre Villejuif–Gustave Roussy * L'Haÿ-les-Roses Chevilly-Larue  Tvm  Thiais–Orly Aéroport d'Orly * Morangis workshop All stations are accessible
(*) Under construction     (**) Planned

Main article: Paris Métro Line 14

Northern extension of Line 14

The automated Line 14 was extended north from Saint-Lazare to Mairie de Saint-Ouen, with the primary aim of reducing overcrowding on Line 13.^[18] The adopted solution connects both branches of Line 13 to Line 14, with stations at Porte de Clichy on the Asnières – Gennevilliers branch and Mairie de Saint-Ouen on the Saint-Denis branch. An additional station connects with the Saint-Ouen RER C station, and another with the Transilien Paris-Saint-Lazare lines at Pont Cardinet, and the final one with the RER D at Saint-Denis–Pleyel. Construction on the extension began in 2014, with an aim of completion by 2019.^[19] Completion was later pushed back to 2020 after flooding from the water table stopped the tunnel works for a year. The COVID-19 pandemic then further delayed the opening to December 2020.^[20] The extension opened on 24 June 2024, just a month before the 2024 Summer Olympics.^[21]

Southern extension of Line 14

Line 14 was also extended south from Olympiades towards Orly Airport. The extension travels southeastward from Olympiades to Maison Blanche, interchanging with Line 7's Villejuif branch, and opened on 24 June 2024 (again, just a month before the 2024 Summer Olympics).^[21]

With both extensions complete, it is expected that Line 14 will eventually be merged into the proposed Grand Paris Express system.^[22]

Rolling stock

1/10 scale model of the MP 89 for M2 line of Lausanne Métro, of the same type as for line 14

In February 2012 the STIF announced that with the two extensions planned, the brand new MP 14 class of rolling stock would replace the MP89 CA and MP 05 stock on Line 14 starting from 2020. This new stock is in eight-car train formations, longer than previously employed anywhere on the Paris Métro but which the length of all Line 14 stations was planned for. The previous MP 89 CA and MP 05 stock was then reassigned to the newly automated line 4, alongside some 6-car MP 14s. They replaced its manually driven MP 89 CC rolling stock, which was refurbished before going to line 6 to replace the aging MP 73 rolling stock.^[23]

Line 15

Main article: Paris Métro Line 15

For the previously-planned Line 15, see Merger of Paris Métro lines 3bis and 7bis.

Line 15
Overview
Termini	Noisy–Champs Champigny Centre station
Connecting lines
Stations	36
Service
System	Paris Métro
Operator(s)	Will be retained by Ile de France Mobilités after a call for tenders
Rolling stock	Alstom Metropolis MR6V
History
Opened	2026–2031
Technical
Line length	75 km (47 mi)
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Conduction system	Automated
Route map

Line 15
Legend
Rueil–Suresnes–Mont Valérien    Saint-Cloud Nanterre–La Boule   Seine Nanterre–La Folie   opens 2031 ↑ opens 2026 ↓ La Défense               Pont de Sèvres Bécon-les-Bruyères   Seine Bois-Colombes     Issy Les Agnettes     Clamart Les Grésillons       Châtillon–Montrouge Seine   Bagneux–Lucie Aubrac Hauts-de-Seine Seine-Saint-Denis Hauts-de-Seine Val-de-Marne Saint-Denis–Pleyel         Arcueil–Cachan Stade de France     Villejuif–Gustave Roussy Mairie d'Aubervilliers       Villejuif–Louis Aragon Fort d'Aubervilliers     Mairie de Vitry-sur-Seine Drancy–Bobigny    Bobigny–Pablo Picasso       Les Ardoines Pont de Bondy   Vitry workshop Bondy     Seine Rosny–Bois-Perrier       Le Vert de Maisons Rosny workshop   Créteil–L'Échat Seine-Saint-Denis Val-de-Marne Marne Val de Fontenay           Tvm  Saint-Maur–Créteil Nogent–Le Perreux   Marne Champigny Centre     Villiers–Champigny–Bry Champigny workshop Val-de-Marne Seine-et-Marne     Noisy–Champs All stations are accessible
This diagram: view talk edit

Line 15 will be a high-capacity underground rail line, providing a new ring line around Paris in the departments of Hauts-de-Seine, Val-de-Marne and Seine-Saint-Denis. It will enable direct journeys between the suburbs, bypassing central Paris.^[24][25] The configuration of the line is very similar to that of the Arc Express, proposed by the RATP in 2006. It was later included in the red line project of the Grand Paris public transportation network, introduced by French President Nicolas Sarkozy in 2009. In March 2013, the "New Grand Paris" project was announced by the Prime Minister at the time, Jean-Marc Ayrault. At this time, the line acquired its current line 15 naming.^[26]

Line 15 is planned to open in phases from 2026 through 2031.^[27] It will create a loop connecting Noisy–Champs to Champigny, passing through Champigny-sur-Marne, Créteil, Villejuif, La Défense, Saint-Denis and Rosny-sous-Bois.

Proposed timeline

On 22 February 2018, a new timeline is announced by Prime minister Édouard Philippe:^[28]

• During 2014: Public inquiry on the eastern section from Saint-Denis–Pleyel to Champigny Centre.
• Early 2015: Groundbreaking of the southern section spanning Pont-de-Sèvres to Noisy–Champs.
• 2024, postponed to 2025 in September 2018: Southern section from Pont de Sèvres to Noisy–Champs put into service.
• 2030: western section from Pont de Sèvres to Saint-Denis–Pleyel and eastern section from Saint-Denis–Pleyel to Champigny Centre put into service.

Previous timeline

In 2013, the government led by Ayrault proposed this timeline for the line 15 project:^[29][30]

• 2014: Public inquiry on the eastern section from Saint-Denis–Pleyel to Champigny Centre.
• Early-2015: Groundbreaking for the southern section between Pont-de-Sèvres and Noisy–Champs.
• 2020: Groundbreaking of the section from Pont-de-Sèvres to Nanterre and from Saint-Denis–Pleyel to Rosny-Bois-Perrier on the northern section.
• 2022: Southern section from Pont-de-Sèvres to Noisy–Champs opens.
• Early 2025: Segments from Pont-de-Sèvres to Nanterre and from Saint-Denis–Pleyel to Rosny-Bois-Perrier of the northern section put into service.
• 2025: Groundbreaking of the segment from Nanterre to Saint-Denis–Pleyel via La Défense-Grande-Arche of the northern section.
• Early 2030: Segment from Nanterre to Saint-Denis–Pleyel via La Défense-Grande-Arche of the northern section put into service.
• End of 2030: Northern section from Rosny to Champigny completed.

Rolling stock

The proposed rolling stock for line 15 is a new automated design, using conventional steel wheel on steel rail technology and overhead electrification, with a width of 2.80 metres (9 ft 2 in). Alstom has been chosen to build these trains. The names of the trains are the Alstom Metropolis MR3V/MR6V (MR6V (6-car variant for line 15) and MR3V (3-car variant for lines 16 and 17)).^[31]

The specifications of the trains travelling line 15 and their operation are as follows:^[32][33]

• Train width: 2.80 metres (9 ft 2 in) minimum
• Train length: 108 metres (354 ft), made up of 6 cars with full-open interior gangways
• Train capacity: 960 passengers (at 4 passengers per m²)
• Bearings: iron
• Electric traction current: 1500 volt direct current via pantograph and contact wires^[34]
• Operation: Fully automated
• Maximum speed: 120 kilometres per hour (75 mph)^[16]
• Average operating speed: 55 kilometres per hour (34 mph)^[16]
• Theoretical morning rush hour throughput: 34 560 passengers per hour^[35]
• Average interval: 3 to 4 minutes^[16]
• Minimum interval: 2 minutes^[16]

Lines 16 and 17

Main articles: Paris Métro Line 16 and Paris Métro Line 17

Line 16 Overview Termini Noisy–Champs Saint-Denis–Pleyel Connecting lines Stations 10 Service System Paris Métro Operator(s) Will be retained by Ile de France Mobilités after a call for tenders Rolling stock Alstom Metropolis MR3V History Opened 2027-2028 Technical Line length 25 km (16 mi) Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge Conduction system Automated

Line 17 Overview Termini Le Mesnil–Amelot Saint-Denis–Pleyel Connecting lines Stations 9 Service System Paris Métro Operator(s) Will be retained by Ile de France Mobilités after a call for tenders Rolling stock Alstom Metropolis MR3V History Opened 2027–2030 Technical Line length 25 km (16 mi) Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge Conduction system Automated

Lines 16 and 17
Legend
Noisy–Champs Marne Chelles–Gournay Le Mesnil-Amelot Clichy–Montfermeil Aéroport CDG 2 TGV ↑ opens 2028 ↓ opens 2027 opens 2030 ↑ opens 2028 ↓ Sevran–Livry Parc des Expositions Sevran Beaudottes Aulnay Val Francillia Gonesse Aulnay workshop opens 2028 ↑ opens 2027 ↓ Le Bourget Aéroport Parc du Blanc-Mesnil Le Bourget   La Courneuve–Six Routes Saint-Denis–Pleyel   proposed (2030+)   Colombes  La Garenne-Colombes Nanterre–La Folie All stations are accessible
This diagram: view talk edit

Line 16 is planned to open in between 2027 and 2028.

Line 17 is planned to open in phases between 2027 and 2030.

Rolling stock

The proposed rolling stock for lines 16 and 17 is a new automated design with a width of 2.80 metres (9 ft 2 in), using conventional steel wheel on steel rail technology and overhead electrification. The rolling stocks for the line is the Alstom Metropolis MR3V (3-car variant)

Line 18

Main article: Paris Métro Line 18

Line 18
Overview
Termini	Versailles-Chantiers Orly airport
Connecting lines
Stations	13
Service
System	Paris Métro
Operator(s)	Will be retained by Ile de France Mobilités after a call for tenders
History
Opened	2026–2030
Technical
Line length	50 km (31 mi)
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Conduction system	Automated
Route map Legend Nanterre–La Folie        Rueil Centre   La Celle Saint-Cloud   Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt ↑ opens 2040 ↓ opens 2030 Versailles Chantiers           Satory Guyancourt ↑ opens 2030 ↓ opens 2026 Christ de Saclay Université Paris-Saclay Polytechnique Palaiseau workshop Massy–Palaiseau        ↑ opens 2026 ↓ opens 2027 Massy Opéra Antonypole–Wissous Centre Aéroport d'Orly     All stations are accessible This diagram: view talk edit

Line 18 is planned to open in phases between 2026 and 2030.^[7]

Rolling stock

The proposed rolling stock for line 18 is the MRV (Matériel Roulant Voyageurs), a new automated design with a width of 2.45 metres (8 ft 0 in), using conventional steel wheel on steel rail technology and third rail electrification. Alstom has been chosen to build these trains.

Reception

The Grand Paris Express development has received the Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design from Harvard University's Graduate School of Design in 2023.^[36]