Goddard College

Goddard College was a private college with three locations in the United States: Plainfield, Vermont; Port Townsend, Washington; and Seattle, Washington.^[2] The college offered undergraduate and graduate degree programs. With predecessor institutions dating to 1863, Goddard College was founded in 1938 as an experimental and non-traditional educational institution based on the idea that experience and education are intricately linked.^[3]

Goddard College

Former names	Green Mountain Central Institute & Goddard Seminary
Type	Private online college
Active	1863; 161 years ago (1863)–June 2024
President	Dan Hocoy[1]
Academic staff	64
Administrative staff	50
Students	220 (Spring 2024)
Undergraduates	112
Postgraduates	208
Location	Plainfield , Vermont , United States 44.2789°N 72.4394°W / 44.2789; -72.4394
Campus	Rural 175 acres (71 ha)
Colors	Blue and white
Website	www.goddard.edu

Goddard College's Greatwood Campus in Plainfield, Vermont

For many years, Goddard College operated a mix of residential, low-residency, and distance-learning programs. Goddard's intensive low-residency model was first developed for its MFA in Creative Writing Program in 1963.

In April 2024, Goddard announced that the college would close at the end of the spring semester, due to financial issues and a decline in enrollment.^[4]

The college was accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.

History

Goddard College began in 1863 in Barre, Vermont, as the Green Mountain Central Institute. In 1870, it was renamed Goddard Seminary in honor of Thomas A. Goddard [Wikidata] (1811–1868) and his wife Mary (1816–1889).^[5] Goddard was a prominent merchant in Boston, and was one of the school's earliest and most generous benefactors.^[5]

Founded by Universalists, Goddard Seminary was originally a four-year preparatory high school, primarily affiliated with Tufts College. For many years the Seminary prospered. But the opening of many good public high schools in the 20th century made many of the private New England academies obsolete. To attempt to save it, the trustees added a Junior College to the Seminary in 1935, with a Seminary graduate, Royce S. "Tim" Pitkin, as president.^[6]

Royce S. "Tim" Pitkin, President of Goddard College for 31 years.

In 1936, under his leadership, the Seminary concluded that in order for Goddard to survive, an entirely new institution would need to be created. A number of prominent educators and laymen agreed with him. Pitkin was supported by Stanley C. Wilson, former governor of Vermont and chairman of the Goddard Seminary Board of Trustees; Senators George Aiken and Ralph Flanders, and Dorothy Canfield Fisher.^[7] Pitkin persuaded the board of trustees to embrace a new style of education, one that substituted individual attention, democracy, and informality for the traditionally austere and autocratic educational model.

On March 13, 1938, Goddard College was chartered. In July 1938 the newly formed Goddard College moved to Greatwood Farm in Plainfield, Vermont.

The new Goddard was an experimental and progressive college. For its first 21 years of operation, Goddard was unaccredited and small, but it built a reputation as one of the most innovative colleges in the country.^[8] Especially noteworthy were Goddard's use of discussion as the basic method in classroom teaching; its emphasis on the whole lives of students in determining personal curricula; its incorporation of practical work into the life of every student; and its development of the college as a self-governing learning community in which everyone had a voice.^[9]

In 1959 Goddard College was accredited. One of the founding principles of Goddard was that it should provide educational opportunities for adults.^[10] There was a great need for a program for adults who had not completed college, to obtain degrees without disrupting their family lives or careers. The Adult Degree Program (ADP), created by Evalyn Bates, was established in 1963. It was the first low-residency adult education program in the country.^[3]

Over the years many experimental programs were designed at Goddard. These programs included the Goddard Experimental Program for Further Education, Design Build Program, Goddard Cambridge Program for Social Change, Third World Studies Program, Institute for Social Ecology, Single Parent Program and many others.

Based on its use of narrative transcripts instead of traditional letter grades, as well as learner-designed curricula, Goddard was among the founding members of the Union for Experimenting Colleges and Universities.

In 2002, after 54 years, the college terminated its residential undergraduate degree program and became an exclusively low-residency college.

In 2005, the college expanded to the West Coast and established a residency site in Port Townsend, Washington. In July 2011 Goddard began to offer their non-licensure education program in Seattle, Washington.

Goddard was placed on probation in 2018 by the New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE) because of a perceived "[lack of] stability of executive leadership" and concerns about the college's financial resources.^[11][12][13] The probation was lifted in 2020 after the college satisfied the commission that it had rectified those issues.^[14]

In January 2024, Goddard announced that it would temporarily end its low-residency programs in favor of online learning.^[15]

Goddard College closed at the end of the spring semester in 2024, due to a precipitious decline in enrollment from 1,900 in the 1970s to less than 250 in 2024.^[16]

The main campus in Plainfield, VT, was put up for sale and in late May was announced to be under contract at a price of $3.4 million to an undisclosed buyer.^[17] A group of alumni and townspeople organized to attempt to block the sale.^[18] In early July 2024 the school announced it was for sale again, with no explanation of what had happened with the previous deal.^[19] On August 2, 2024, the college announced plans to sell the campus to a local group, the Greatwood Project, formed by college alumni and former faculty.^[20]

Campuses

Goddard College Greatwood Campus
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
Goddard College Clockhouse
Area	15 acres (6.1 ha)
Built	1908 (1908)
Architect	James T. Kelley; Arthur Asahel Shurcliff
Architectural style	Shingle Style, Tudor Revival
NRHP reference No.	96000253[21]
Added to NRHP	March 7, 1996

Main campus, Greatwood: Plainfield, Vermont

The campus in Plainfield was founded in 1938 on the grounds of a late 19th-century model farm: The Greatwood Farm & Estate consisted of shingle-style buildings and gardens designed by Arthur Shurcliff. The Village of Learning, consisted of eleven dormitory buildings, was constructed adjacent to the ensemble of renovated farm buildings in 1963 to accommodate an increasing student population. The Pratt Center & Library, designed to be at the heart of a larger campus, was constructed in 1968. No other significant new construction were added after 1968.

On March 7, 1996, the Greatwood campus was recognized for its historic and architectural significance by its inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places.^[22]

Fort Worden State Park, Port Townsend, Washington campus

A US Army post from 1902 to 1953,^[23] much of the fort was renovated and adapted as a year-round, multi-use facility dedicated to lifelong learning. It housed several organizations that comprise Fort Worden State Park. The fort was located on a bluff overlooking the Strait of Juan de Fuca and Admiralty Inlet near Port Townsend, Washington.

Columbia City, Seattle campus

Goddard College.

The MA in Education program, originally held in the Plainfield-based low-residency program, expanded in 2011 into Columbia City, a neighborhood of Seattle, Washington.

The program trained students in bilingual preschool education. Students focused on areas such as intercultural studies, dual language, early childhood, cultural arts, and community education, and created their plan of studies for each semester. The program was designed to serve students who could not leave their families and communities for the residency.

Academics

Each Goddard student designed their own curriculum in accordance with their program's degree criteria.

In addition to fulfilling academic criteria in the subjects of the arts, the humanities, mathematics, natural sciences and social sciences, undergraduate students needed to demonstrate critical thinking and writing, understanding of social and ecological contexts, positive self-development, and thoughtful action within their learning processes.

The college used a student self-directed, mentored system in which faculty issue narrative evaluations of student's progress instead of grades. The intensive low-residency model required that students come to campus every six months for approximately eight days. During this period, students engaged in a variety of activities and lectures from early morning until late in the evening, and created detailed study plans. During the semester, students studied independently, sending in "packets" to their faculty mentors every few weeks.

When low-residency education began at Goddard, packets were made up of paper documents sent via the mail. Since advances in the internet and related technology, in the 21st century most packets were sent electronically. They contained artwork, audio files, photography, video and web pages, in addition to writing. The schedule and format of these packets differed from program to program, and content varied with each student-faculty correspondence. The focus was generally on research, writing, and reflection related to each student's individualized study plan.

At regular intervals students compiled their work into "learning portfolios" to submit as part of a Progress Review before a cross-program board of faculty. The board ensured that all students' work was in compliance with the college's degree criteria. Undergraduates had to complete a yearlong Senior Study, accompanied by final graduating presentations of work, before being awarded a degree.^[24]

Facilities

Eliot D. Pratt Center and Library

The Eliot D. Pratt Center and Library, located in Plainfield, Vermont, served the entire Goddard College community. It was also open to the public. Its holdings contained over 70,000 physical items. The building also housed several administrative offices, an Archives room with artifacts from the 1800s to present, an Art Gallery, and WGDR (91.1 FM), a college/community radio station serving Central Vermont since 1973.

Goddard College Community Radio (WGDR and WGDH)

Until 2021, Goddard was home to Goddard College Community Radio, a pair of community-based, non-commercial, listener-supported educational radio stations. WGDR, 91.1 FM, is licensed to Plainfield, Vermont. Its sister station, WGDH, 91.7 FM, is licensed to Hardwick, Vermont. Goddard College Community Radio was the largest non-commercial community radio station in Vermont. It ws the only non-commercial station in the state other than the statewide Vermont Public Radio network^{[citation needed]}, which received funding from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. On May 10, 2021, Goddard donated the licenses for WGDR and sister station WGDH to Central Vermont Community Radio Corporation.

Haybarn Theatre

This structure was originally built as a barn in 1868 by the Martin Family and was one of the largest barns in Central Vermont. The Haybarn was originally used to store hay, grain and livestock. In 1938, when Goddard College purchased Greatwood Farm, they began the process of adapting the farm buildings into academic and student spaces. The Haybarn was renovated to provide a space for the performing arts.

For almost 75 years the Haybarn Theatre was a place where the local community and the college came together to enjoy and appreciate the arts. The Haybarn hosted educational conferences, student and community performances, and the Goddard College Concert Series. Prior to reaching widespread fame, Phish played multiple concerts there in 1986 and 1987.^[25]

Notable events

Alternative Media Conference

In June 1970 Goddard hosted the Alternative Media Conference; it attracted more than 1,600 radio DJs and others involved in independent media from all over the United States.^[26] Featured presenters included Yippie founder Jerry Rubin,^[27] spiritual leader Ram Dass,^[28] Larry Yurdin,^[29] and Danny Fields, Bob Fass and Paul Krassner from The Realist.

A music roster of up-and-coming bands was curated by Atlantic Records and included Dr. John and the J. Geils Band.^[28] The conference embodied both the political activism and the free-love atmosphere of the time: a coalition affiliated with the Panther 21, The Guardian, Newsreel, Radio Free People, Liberation News Service, Media Women, and The New York Rat put together a packet highlighting the political side of alternative media.^[30]

A second Alternative Media Conference was held on campus in 2013 to commemorate the college's 150th anniversary.^[31] Thom Hartmann and Ellen Ratner were featured speakers.

2014 undergraduate commencement

In 2014, the graduating class of the college's undergraduate program selected convicted murderer and Goddard alumnus Mumia Abu-Jamal as commencement speaker.^[32] Abu-Jamal, who had attended Goddard as an undergraduate in the 1970s, completed his Goddard degree from prison via mail while serving a sentence for the 1982 murder of Philadelphia police officer Daniel Faulkner.^[33] Faulkner's widow criticized the selection of Abu-Jamal as a speaker,^[34] as did US Senator Pat Toomey, the Vermont Troopers Association, the Vermont Police Chiefs Association, the Fraternal Order of Police, and the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections.^[32][35][36] The college's interim President, Bob Kenny, supported the right of students to select a commencement speaker of their choice.^[37]

On October 5, the school released Abu-Jamal's pre-recorded commencement speech.^[38][39]

Notable people associated with the college

Alumni

• Alan Briskin – organizational consultant^[40]
• Ann Gillespie – actor (Beverly Hills, 90210)^[41]
• Anna Lee Walters — author^[42]
• Archie Shepp – saxophonist^[43]
• Blakeley White-McGuire – Principal dancer of Martha Graham Dance Company^[44]
• Bradford Graves – sculptor, musician, professor (fine arts, sculpture)^[45]
• Cara Hoffman – novelist^[46]
• Caroline Finkelstein – poet^[47]
• Charlie Bondhus – poet^{[citation needed]}
• Chris Spirou — politician^[48]
• Christine Palm — member of the Connecticut House of Representatives
• Christopher Dell - historian, author, literary critic, and employee at the Library of Congress^[49]
• Conrad Herwig – jazz trombonist^[50]
• Daniel Boyarin – professor of Jewish Studies^[51]
• David Gallaher – graphic novelist^[52]
• David Helvarg – journalist and environmental activist^[53]
• David Mamet – writer, director, Pulitzer prize winner in drama (Glengarry Glen Ross)^[54]
• Deborah Tall — poet^[55]
• Donald Kofi Tucker – politician^[56]
• Ed Allen – American short story writer^[57]
• Elaine Terranova – poet^[58]
• Ellen Bryant Voigt – MacArthur Genius, former State Poet of Vermont^[59]
• Ellen Ratner — White House correspondent^[60]
• Ellis Avery – novelist and poet^[61]
• Esther Wertheimer – sculptor^{[62][self-published source]}
• Evalyn Bates – progressive educator, developed the first low-residency American adult degree program^[63]
• Frances Olsen – professor of law at UCLA^[64]
• Geraldine Clinton Little – poet
• Helen Landgarten – art therapy pioneer^[65]
• Howard Ashman – actor, playwright (Little Shop of Horrors), lyricist (The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast)^[66]
• J. Ward Carver – Vermont Attorney General, 1925–1931
• Jacqueline Berger — poet^[67]
• James Gahagan – abstract artist^[68]
• Jane O'Meara Sanders – former president of Burlington College, wife of Senator Bernie Sanders^[69]
• Jane Shore – poet^[55]
• Jared Carter – poet^[70]
• Jared Pappas-Kelley – curator, writer, and artist^[71]
• Jay Craven – Vermont film director, screenwriter, and professor
• Jeff McCracken — film and television actor, director, writer, and producer^[72]
• Jennifer McMahon — novelist^[73]
• Jerri Allyn — performance artist^[74]
• John Kasiewicz – guitarist^[75]
• Jon Fishman – rock band member (Phish)^[76]
• Jonathan Katz – comedian, writer, actor, producer (Dr. Katz)^[77]
• Judith Arcana — writer^[78]
• Karen Essex — author, journalist, screenwriter^[79]
• Kenneth R. Timmerman – correspondent, author, activist^[80]
• Kiara Brinkman — author^[81]
• Kris Neely – artist and educator^[82]
• Larry Feign – cartoonist (The World of Lily Wong)^[83]
• Laura McCullough – poet and writer
• Linda McCarriston – poet and professor
• Linnea Johnson – poet
• Lisa Brooks – historian of New England's Native American history^[84]
• Lucia Capacchione — art therapist
• Madeline Stone — songwriter^[85]
• Mark Doty – poet, National Book Award winner, 2008^[54]
• Martin Hyatt — author^[86]
• Mary Johnson – author and director of A Room of Her Own Foundation^[87]
• Mary Karr – author^[54]
• Matthew Quick – American author of young adult and fiction novels^[88]
• Mayme Agnew Clayton – librarian, and the founder of the Western States Black Research and Education Center^[89]
• Michael Lent – visual artist and curator^[71]
• Miriam Hopkins — film and television actor^[90]
• Monica Mayer – Mexican artist^[91]
• Mumia Abu Jamal – journalist, former Black Panther Party member, convict, author^[54]
• Neil Landau – (former faculty) screenwriter, playwright, television producer^[54]
• Norman Dubie – poet^[92]
• Oliver Foot – British actor, philanthropist, charity worker^[93]
• Page McConnell – rock band member (Phish)^[94]
• Pamela Stewart – poet^[95]
• Paul Zaloom – puppeteer, host of television show Beakman's World^[96]
• Peter Hannan – artist, writer, producer (CatDog)^[97]
• Philip Zuchman – American painter^[98]
• Piers Anthony – English American author^[54]
• Robert Louthan — poet^[99]
• Robert M. Fisher – abstract artist^[100]
• Ronnie Burrage — jazz percussionist^[101]
• Roo Borson —poet^[102]
• Russell Potter – Arctic historian, author^[103]
• Stephen C. Smith – economist, professor, author^[104]
• Sue Owen — poet
• Susan Tichy — poet^[105]
• Susie Ibarra – contemporary composer and percussionist^[106]
• Suzi Wizowaty – author and politician^[107]
• Taina Asili — musician^[108]
• Tim Costello (1945–2009), labor and anti-globalization advocate and author^[109]
• Tobias Schneebaum – artist, anthropologist, AIDS activist^[110]
• Tom Griffin – playwright of The Boys Next Door
• Tommie Smith – athlete, activist, educator, gold medal winner at the 1968 Summer Olympics who set seven individual world records^[111][112]
• Tony Curtis (Welsh poet) (born 1946) – Welsh poet and author
• Trey Anastasio – guitarist, singer, songwriter, member of the band Phish^[75]
• Walter F. Scott – (Goddard Seminary) Vermont State Treasurer
• Walter Klenhard — film director, writer and actor
• Walter Mosley – author^[54]
• Wayne Karlin – author^[113]
• William H. Macy – actor^[114]
• William L. White – addiction studies^[115]
• William Wildman Campbell — United States House of Representatives^[116]
• Yadira Guevara-Prip — stage and television actor.

• 
  Trey Anastasio, musician, composer
• 
  Evalyn Bates, educator, Goddard College co-founder
• 
  Miriam Hopkins, actress
• 
  Jonathan Katz, comedian
• 
  William H. Macy, actor
• 
  David Mamet, playwright
• 
  Walter Mosley, novelist
• 
  Archie Shepp, musician
• 
  Tommie Smith, athlete
• 
  Paul Zaloom, actor

Faculty, staff and administration

• Arisa White – faculty advisor in the BFA Creative Writing Program^{[citation needed]}
• Caryn Mirriam-Goldberg – American writer and third Kansas Poet Laureate who founded Goddard's Transformative Language Arts program^[117]
• David Mamet – American playwright, essayist, screenwriter, and film director^[114]
• Donald Hall — poet and literary critic^[55]
• Ellen Bryant Voigt — helped found Goddard's first low-residency program before starting a similar program at Warren Wilson College^[55]
• Ernie Stires — composer^[75]
• Frank Conroy — author^[54]
• Geoffrey Wolff — author^[55]
• Hameed Sharif “Herukhuti” Williams – African-American sociologist, cultural studies scholar, sex educator, playwright/poet, and award-winning author^[118]
• Heather McHugh — poet^[55]
• James Gahagan — sculptor, chairman of Goddard's art department from 1971 to 1979^[68]
• Jane O'Meara Sanders – served one year as interim president of Goddard^[119]
• John Irving — author^[54]
• John Froines – one of the Chicago Seven, taught chemistry in the early 1970s^[120]
• Lisel Mueller – poet^[121]
• Louise Gluck — Nobel Laureate, poet, winner of the National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize for Poetry^[55]
• Marilyn Salzman Webb — activist and journalist who founded Goddard's women's studies program^[122]
• Marvin Bell — first Poet Laureate of the State of Iowa^[123]
• Michael Ryan — poet^[55]
• Murray Bookchin (1921–2006) – American anarchist author, orator, and philosopher
• Peter Schumann and his Bread and Puppet Theater were the theatre-in-residence at Goddard College from 1970 to 1974^[96]
• Raymond Carver — author^[54][55]
• Richard Ford — author^[54]
• Richard Grossinger — author, publisher - taught interdisciplinary studies (including alchemy, Melville, Classical Greek, Jungian psychology, and ethnoastronomy), 1972-1977^[124]
• Robert Hass — poet^[55]
• Stephen Dobyns — poet and novelist^[55]
• Thomas Yamamoto – art instructor^[125]
• Tobias Wolff — author^[54][55]
• Walter Butts – American poet and the Poet Laureate of New Hampshire.

See also

• List of colleges and universities in the United States

References

1. "President's Office". Retrieved August 4, 2021.
2. "About 1". Goddard College. Retrieved July 9, 2024.
3. Carlson, Scott (September 9, 2011). "Goddard College Takes a Highly Unconventional Path to Survival". The Chronicle of Higher Education. LVIII (3): A6. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
4. "Vermont's Goddard College to close after years of declining enrollment and financial struggles". Goddard.edu. April 10, 2024. Archived from the original on April 9, 2024. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
5. Huff, Mel (November 2, 2007). "Goddard Goes Global". Barre Montpelier Times Argus. Barre, VT. Archived from the original on July 2, 2018.
6. Benson, Ann Giles &, Frank Adams (1999). To Know For Real: Royce S. Pitkin and Goddard College. Adamant, Vt: Adamant Press. pp. 5–20. ISBN 978-0912362205.
7. Archer, Leonard B (January 13, 1951). "College Governed Town Meeting Style, Its Buildings a Vermont Farm". The Christian Science Monitor.
8. Carlson, Scott (September 9, 2011). "Goddard College Takes a Highly Unconventional Path to Survival". The Chronicle of Higher Education. LVIII (3): A1. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
9. Kiester, Ed (January 30, 1955). "The Most Unusual College in the U.S.". Parade Magazine.
10. Davis, Forest K. (1996). Things Were Different in Royce's Day: Royce S. Pitkin as Progressive Educator: A Perspective from Goddard College, 1950–1967. Adamant, Vermont: Adamant Press. p. 115. ISBN 978-0912362175.
11. Goddard accreditation statement Retrieved 15 February 2015
12. Blaisdell, Eric (December 11, 2019). "Goddard College optimistic while on probation". Rutland Herald. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
13. "Goddard College on Probation". NECHE. December 3, 2018. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
14. "Accreditation Vote Re-Invigorates Goddard College". GODDARD. September 25, 2020. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
15. Moody, Josh (January 23, 2024). "Goddard College Goes Online Only". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
16. Nietzel, Michael T. "Goddard College Is Closing". Forbes. Archived from the original on April 23, 2024. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
17. Petenko, Erin (May 29, 2024). "Goddard College has inked a deal to sell its campus to an unnamed buyer". VTDigger. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
18. Brannstrom, Tracy (July 5, 2024). "Community Group Tries to Halt $3.4 Million Sale of Goddard Campus". The Montpelier Bridge. Retrieved July 8, 2024.
19. Vega de Soto, Juan (July 17, 2024). "Goddard College campus up for sale again, after deal with previous buyer collapses". VTDigger. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
20. Watson, Samantha (August 2, 2024). "Goddard College to sell campus to alumni group". Vermont Public. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
21. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
22. Hal Hutchinson (May 1995). "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form:Goddard College Greatwood Campus" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved July 29, 2015. 12 Photos (1995)
23. Fort Worden
24. Maki, Peggy L. (2012). "Appendix 5.1: Institutional Example: The Educational Context for Goddard College's Learning Portfolio and Progress Review". Assessing for Learning: Building a Sustainable Commitment Across the Institution. Stylus Publishing, LLC. pp. 198–200. ISBN 9781579224967.
25. "Haybarn Theater, Goddard College- Phish.net". phish.net.
26. Goldberg, Danny (2008). "2: Undrground Radio". Bumping Into Geniuses: My Life Inside the Rock and Roll Business. Penguin. pp. 35–44. ISBN 9781592403707.
27. Alan, Carter (2013). "Movin' On Up". Radio Free Boston: The Rise and Fall of WBCN. UPNE. ISBN 9781555537296.
28. Moss, Jack (July 13, 2018). "The American Guru Who Inspired Wales Bonner S/S19". AnOther. Retrieved March 14, 2019. Ram Dass (Richard Alpert) at The Alternative Media Conference, June 1970 at Goddard College in Plainfield, Vermont.
29. McMillian, John (2014). Smoking Typewriters: The Sixties Underground Press and the Rise of Alternative Media in America. Oxford University Press. p. 115. ISBN 9780199376469.
30. Roy, William G. (2010). Reds, Whites, and Blues: Social Movements, Folk Music, and Race in the United States. Princeton University Press. p. 228. ISBN 9781400835164.
31. Eliis, Kevin (April 18, 2013). "Thom Hartmann and Ellen Ratner to headline Goddard College Alternative Media Conference". vtdigger.org. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
32. Mike Donoghue, Burlington (Vt.) Free Press (October 2, 2014). "Goddard chooses convicted cop killer for grad speaker". USA Today. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
33. Boyer, Dave. "Cop-killing ex-Black Panther to give college commencement address", The Washington Times, September 30, 2014. Accessed October 1, 2014.
34. "Critics Outraged Cop Killer Mumia Abu-Jamal Named College Speaker". ABC News. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
35. "Goddard College sparks outrage with invitation to jailed cop killer Mumia Abu-Jamal". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
36. "U.S. Sen. Pat Toomey joins throng criticizing Goddard's choice of Mumia Abu-Jamal as commencement speaker". PennLive.com. October 2, 2014. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
37. Kolber, Samantha. "Mumia Abu-Jamal to Give Commencement Speech at Goddard College" Archived 2014-10-06 at the Wayback Machine, September 29, 2014. Accessed October 5, 2014.
38. Chang, David. "College Releases Mumia Abu-Jamal's Commencement Speech, Philadelphia Police Protest", NBC10, October 5, 2014.
39. Oct. 5, 2014 Goddard College Commencement Speech by Mumia Abu-Jamal. Vimeo. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
40. Briskin, Alan (1998). Stirring of Soul in the Workplace. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. p. 289. ISBN 9781609943967.
41. "HypnoSeries : Séries TV – Communautés de fans". HypnoSeries (in French). Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
42. "Anna Lee Walters". www.hanksville.org. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
43. "NEA Jazz Masters | NEA". www.arts.gov. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
44. "Blakeley White-McGuire | New York Live Arts". New York Live Arts. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
45. Zeman, Mary Beth (January 15, 2008). "William Paterson University" (Press release). secure.wpunj.edu. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
46. "Cara Hoffman | Pen Parentis Literary Salons | Parenting Done. Write". www.penparentis.org. October 5, 2013. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
47. Lee, Don (Fall 2002). Livesey, Margot (ed.). "Julie Orringer and Caroline Finkelstein, Cohen Awards". Ploughshares (88).
48. Brown, E. Philip (2017). Greeks of the Merrimack Valley. Arcadia Publishing. p. 80. ISBN 9781439661895.
49. Bernstein, Adam (October 28, 2008). "Obituaries". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
50. "Conrad Herwig, Jazz Artist in Residence | MSU College of Music". College of Music. Michigan State University. May 31, 2017. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
51. Wall, Alex (March 12, 2015). "Daniel Boyarin: Talmudist, feminist, anti-Zionist, only-in-Berkeley Orthodox Jew – J." Jewish Weekly of Northern California. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
52. Arias, Jeremy (May 12, 2015). "Former Frederick resident, comic book writer returns to Brainstorm Comics for signing". The Frederick News-Post. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
53. "Saved By The Sea by David Helvarg | Kirkus Reviews". May 11, 2010. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
54. Carlson, Scott (September 4, 2011). "Goddard College's Unconventional Path to Survival". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
55. Neal, Dale (June 30, 2016). "Over 4 decades, Warren Wilson program forges new literary voices". Citizen Times. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
56. Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey (PDF). Newark, NJ: Skinder-Strauss Associates. 2004. p. 281. ISBN 978-1-57741-187-1. Retrieved October 27, 2017. Assemblyman Tucker is serving his fourth term in the Assembly. Mr. Tucker is an at-large city councilman in Newark, a position he has held since 1974. He was born in Newark on March 18, 1938, and is a graduate of the city's Central High School. He received a degree in urban planning at Goddard College in Vermont and has taken post-graduate public administration courses at Rutgers University. Assemblyman Tucker is a veteran of the U.S. Air Force, having served from 1955 to 1959. The assemblyman is a founding member of the United Brothers, the Centre, Inc., the Newark Coalition for Low Income Housing, the Newark Tenants Council, and the city's first comprehensive drug treatment program and first high school equivalency program. He is a former field secretary and vice chairman of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) of Essex County. He worked in the civil rights movement in Mississippi and Maryland during the 1960s. He is married to the former Cleopatra Gibson and has two adult children.
57. "Ed Allen | | University of Alaska Anchorage". www.uaa.alaska.edu. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
58. "Elaine Terranova". poets.org. Academy of American Poets. October 25, 2000. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
59. "MacArthur 'Genius' Ellen Bryant Voigt: 'Poetry Is An Intelligence'". Radio Boston. WBUR. October 12, 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
60. "Ellen Ratner". Fox News. June 9, 2019. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
61. "Goddard College in Vermont". Poets & Writers. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
62. The Remington Registry of Outstanding Professionals: 2009–2010. Xlibris Corporation. 2011. p. 697. ISBN 9781462863730.
63. Payne, Carla R. (2009). Information Technology and Constructivism in Higher Education: Progressive Learning Frameworks: Progressive Learning Frameworks. IGI Global. ISBN 9781605666556.
64. Academy of European Law (2013). Collected Courses of the Academy of European Law / Recueil des cours de l' Académie de droit européen: 1991 The Protection of Human Rights in Europe Vol. II. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 203. ISBN 9789401710749.
65. Noland, Claire (February 26, 2011). "Helen B. Landgarten dies at 89; pioneering art therapist". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
66. Poletick, Rachel (May 4, 2011). "Toon Times: Ashman left Disney his heart". www.northbynorthwestern.com. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
67. Raab, Zara (May 13, 2011). "Interview with Poet Jacqueline Berger – Coal Hill Review". Coal Hill Review. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
68. Hofmann, Hans. "James Gahagan". www.pbs.org. PBS. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
69. Dwilson, Stephanie Dube (August 25, 2015). "Jane O'Meara Sanders, Bernie's Wife: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know". Heavy.com. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
70. "Jared Carter". Poetry Foundation. October 27, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
71. Lent, Michael (2015). Orbit: Stephen King. StormFront Entertainment.
72. "Jeff McCracken | New York Writers Workshop and Resources Site demo". mklennon.com. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
73. Hallenbeck, Bruce (July 26, 2017). "Summer reading, Vermont-style: New books by local authors". Burlington Free Press. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
74. Heller, Jules; Heller, Nancy G. (2013). North American Women Artists of the Twentieth Century: A Biographical Dictionary. London: Routledge. p. 1773. ISBN 9781135638894.
75. Tuohy, Laurel (September 15, 2004). "Gasball draws diverse acts". NewsTimes. Danbury, CT. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
76. Bernstein, Scott (May 6, 2013). "Jon Fishman Performs With We're Bionic In Burlington – Glide Magazine". Glide Magazine. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
77. Murray, Noel (June 14, 2016). "Jonathan Katz". The A.V. Club. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
78. "The Graduate College Faculty Directory" (PDF). 1999. Retrieved October 27, 2017. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
79. Ferguson, Carrie (April 16, 2000). "Reclaiming the Queen". The Tennessean p. 10-11.
80. Ruane, Michael E. (March 1, 2000). "REPUBLICAN PRIMARIES: U.S. Senate". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 4, 2017.
81. Brinkman, Kiara (2008). Up High in the Trees: A Novel. Grove/Atlantic, Inc. p. 327. ISBN 9781555846121.
82. "Kristofer M. Neely". webs.wofford.edu. Retrieved November 4, 2017.
83. Hughes, Paul (January 15, 1987). "Cartoons Sell Best in Hong Kong". The Tustin News. Tustin, California. p. 2. Feign, who would later attend UC Berkeley for two years, graduate from Goddard College, and begin graduate work at the University of Hawaii, finished high school at Hillview Continuation School in 1972 at age 16.
84. "Faculty & Staff – Brooks, Lisa – Amherst College". www.amherst.edu.
85. Kawashima, Dale. "Madeline Stone Enjoys Hit Songwriting Success in Pop, Christian, Country and R&B Genres". Songwriter's Universe Magazine. Retrieved December 25, 2009.
86. "Martin Hyatt | KQED". KQED Public Media. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
87. "Mary Johnson |". aroomofherownfoundation.org. A Room of Her Own Foundation. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
88. "Matthew Quick". www.fantasticfiction.com. Fantastic Fiction. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
89. Irwin, Shelby Z. Dr. Mayme A. Clayton: Librarian and Preservationist of Black Memorabilia. New Haven: Southern Connecticut State University. p. 2. ayton received her bachelor's degree from UC Berkeley, her master's degree from Goddard College and a doctoral degree from Sierra University.
90. "Sullivan, Mark X. mss". Lilly Library Manuscript Collections. Indiana University. Retrieved November 9, 2017. Hopkins was born in Savannah, GA and went to college at Goddard Seminary (now Goddard College) in Plainfield, VT
91. "Monica P. Mayer". The Brooklyn Museum. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
92. "Norman Dubie". Poetry Foundation. November 9, 2017. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
93. Holland, Geoffrey (February 12, 2008). "Obituary: Oliver Foot". The Guardian. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
94. McConnell, Paige (December 19, 1987). "The Art of Improvisation - Page's Thesis - Phish.net". phish.net. Phish. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
95. "Pamela Stewart | Authors | Alice James Books". Alice James Books. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
96. Kalish, Jon (August 24, 2013). "Bread And Puppet Marks 50 Years Of Paper Mache And Protest". Weekend Edition. National Public Radio. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
97. "TQ News". TriQuarterly News. 1. Fall 1988.
98. "The Activist Issue". Clockworks (Fall/Winter 2015). November 19, 2015.
99. "Ironwood". 5 (9). Ironwood Press. 1977: 118. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
100. "Plainfield Co-op". www.plainfieldcoop.com. Retrieved November 9, 2017. Local Goddard College has always attracted educated liberal types with colorful flair, including members of the band Phish, David Mamet, Piers Anthony, and abstract artist Robert M. Fisher.
101. "The Ronnie Burrage Trio Featuring Archie Shepp". Onion River Community Access Media. February 19, 2016. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
102. Ireland, Ann (October 13, 2014). "Hand in Glove: The Poetic Collaborations of Kim Maltman & Roo Borson --- Ann Ireland | Numéro Cinq". Numéro Cinq. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
103. "Russell Potter". University of Rhode Island. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
104. Smith, Steven C. (October 12, 2017). "Curriculum Vita" (PDF). George Washington University | The George Washington University. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
105. Aart, Greta. "Cerise Press › Political Awareness, Social Consciousness and Memory in Susan Tichy's Poetry". Cerise Press. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
106. Layne, Joslyn. "Susie Ibarra | Biography & History | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
107. Mesrobian, Melissa Kiser (February 26, 1986). "Princeton Alumni Weekly". Princeton University. p. 50.
108. Kocher, Chris (September 17, 2014). "Asili and band dance to messages of 'Hope'". Pressconnects. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
109. Greenhouse, Steve. "Tim Costello, Trucker-Author Who Fought Globalization, Dies at 64", The New York Times, December 26, 2009. Accessed December 28, 2009.
110. Fox, Margalit (September 25, 2005). "Tobias Schneebaum, Chronicler and Dining Partner of Cannibals, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
111. Wertlieb, Mitch; Bodette, Melody (October 3, 2013). "Olympian Tommie Smith To Be Honored By Goddard". www.vpr.org. Retrieved March 14, 2019. Smith said he's always been fighting for education and human rights and became part of the masters program at Goddard because he could use his teaching and writing experience towards his degree.
112. Davis, David (August 2008). "Olympic Athletes Who Took a Stand". Smithsonian. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
113. Leepson, Marc. "Pilgrim's Progress: Wayne Karlin and the Vietnam War". The VVA Veteran. No. July/August 2005. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
114. Metz, Nina (July 13, 2017). "These Chicago actors just got nominated for an Emmy". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
115. White, W. L. (2007). "Conversation with William L.White". Journal Interview. 86 (9): 1365–1376. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01796.x. PMID 17697275. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
116. Benson, Ann Giles; Adams, Frank; Dixon, James P. (1999). To Know for Real: Royce S. Pitkin and Goddard College. Adamant Press. ISBN 9780912362205.
117. "Caryn Mirriam-Goldberg". Huffington Post. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
118. Maxwell, Carrie (November 8, 2017). "AFC conference focuses on bisexual health – Gay Lesbian Bi Trans News Archive". Windy City Times. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
119. McCullum, April (July 21, 2017). "The unraveling of Jane Sanders' Burlington College legacy". Burlington Free Press. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
120. Bruce-Briggs, B. (1979). The New Class?. Transaction Publishers. p. 63. ISBN 9781412829557.
121. "Immortality, by Lisel Mueller - Poem 173 | Poetry 180: A Poem a Day for American High Schools, Hosted by Billy Collins, U.S. Poet Laureate, 2001–2003 (Poetry and Literature, Library of Congress)". loc.gov. Library of Congress. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
122. "Marilyn Webb". She's Beautiful When She's Angry. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
123. "75th Anniversary Conference Bios". www.webdelsol.com. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
124. "Richard Grossinger: Biography".
125. "Thomas Shuzo Yamamoto". Times Argus. January 5, 2005. Retrieved March 14, 2019.

External links

• Official website