Glycerol (data page)

This page provides supplementary chemical data on glycerol.

Material Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions.

Structure and properties

Structure and properties
Index of refraction, nD	1.4729 at 20 °C
Abbe number	?
Dielectric constant, εr	42.5 ε0 at 25 °C
Bond strength	?
Bond length	?
Bond angle	?
Magnetic susceptibility	?
Surface tension[1]	63.4 mN/m at 20 °C 58.6 mN/m at 90 °C 51.9 mN/m at 150 °C
Viscosity[2]	1.412 Pa·s at 20 °C

Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior
Triple point	291.8 K (18.7 °C), ~99500 Pa
Critical point	850 K (577 °C), 7500 kPa
Std enthalpy change of fusion, ΔfusHo	18.28 kJ/mol
Std entropy change of fusion, ΔfusSo	62.7 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy change of vaporization, ΔvapHo	91.7 kJ/mol
Std entropy change of vaporization, ΔvapSo	201 J/(mol·K)
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfHosolid	? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, Sosolid	37.87 J/(mol K)[3]
Heat capacity, cp	150. J/(mol K) 6 °C - 11 °C
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfHoliquid	–669.6 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, Soliquid	206.3 J/(mol K)[4]
Enthalpy of combustion, ΔcHo	–1654.3 kJ/mol
Heat capacity, cp	221.9 J/(mol K) at 25 °C
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfHogas	–577.9 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, Sogas	? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp	? J/(mol K)

Vapor pressure of liquid

P in mm Hg		1	10	40	100	400	760
T in °C		125.5	167.2	198.0	220.1	263.0	290.0

Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed.

log_e of Glycerol vapor pressure. Uses formula: ${\displaystyle \scriptstyle \log _{e}P_{kPa}=}$${\displaystyle \scriptstyle A\times ln(T)+B/T+C+D\times T^{2}}$ with coefficients A=-2.125867E+01, B=-1.672626E+04, C=1.655099E+02, and D=1.100480E-05 obtained from CHERIC^[5]

Freezing point of aqueous solutions

% glycerol by weight		10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100
Freezing point °C		–1.6	–4.8	–9.5	–15.5	–22.0	–33.6	–37.8	–19.2	–1.6	17.0
Specific gravity d15°		1.02415	1.04935	1.07560	1.10255	1.12985	1.15770	1.18540	1.21290	1.23950	1.26557

Table data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. Specific gravity is at 15 °C, referenced to water at 15 °C.

See details on: Freezing Points of Glycerine-Water Solutions Dow Chemical ^[6] or Freezing Points of Glycerol and Its Aqueous Solutions.^[7]

Distillation data

Vapor-liquid Equilibrium of Glycerol/water[8] P = 760 mmHg
BP Temp. °C	% by mole water
	liquid	vapor
278.8	2.75	93.15
247.0	4.67	94.73
224.0	6.90	95.63
219.2	7.67	97.43
210.0	9.01	97.83
202.5	10.31	97.24
196.5	11.59	98.39
175.2	17.56	98.99
149.3	30.04	99.64
137.2	38.47	99.76
136.8	38.95	98.78
131.8	43.58	99.76
121.5	56.33	99.84
112.8	70.68	99.93
111.3	73.86	99.94
106.3	84.42	99.96

Spectral data

UV-Vis
λmax	? nm
Extinction coefficient, ε	?
IR
Major absorption bands	? cm−1
NMR
Proton NMR
Carbon-13 NMR
Other NMR data
MS
Masses of main fragments

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• Except where noted otherwise, data relate to Standard temperature and pressure.
• Reliability of data general note.