Gevo

For the locomotive, see GE Evolution Series.

Gevo, Inc. is an American renewable chemicals and advanced biofuels company headquartered in unincorporated Douglas County, Colorado, in the Denver-Aurora metropolitan area. Gevo operates in the sustainability sector, pursuing a business model based on the concept of the "circular economy". The company develops bio-based alternatives to petroleum-based products using a combination of biotechnology and classical chemistry. Gevo uses the GREET model from Argonne National Laboratory as a basis for its measure of sustainability,^[2] with the goal of producing high-protein animal feed, corn-oil products, and energy-dense liquid hydrocarbons. Gevo is focused on converting sustainably grown raw materials, specifically No. 2 dent corn, into high-value protein and isobutanol, a primary building block for renewable hydrocarbons, including sustainable aviation fuel, renewable gasoline, and renewable diesel. Gevo markets these fuels as directly integrable on a “drop-in” basis into existing fuel and chemical products.^[3]

Gevo, Inc.

Company type	Public
Traded as	Nasdaq: GEVO
Industry	Renewable fuel, Biofuel
Founded	2005; 19 years ago (2005)
Founder	Dr. Peter Meinhold Dr. Frances Arnold
Headquarters	Douglas County, Colorado, U.S.
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Dr. Patrick Gruber (CEO)
Products	Isobutanol (Biobutanol) and Hydrocarbon derivatives
Revenue	US$0.711 Million (Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2021)[1]
Operating income	(US$60.090 Million) (Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2021)[1]
Net income	(US$59.203 Million) (Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2021)[1]
Total assets	US$666.476 Million (Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2021)[1]
Total equity	US$547.255 Million (Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2021)[1]
Number of employees	99 (Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2021)[1]
Website	https://gevo.com/

The Circular Economy

Gevo's business model aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by incorporating renewable energies and sustainable processes. Gevo's business model incorporates the concept of the circular economy, as outlined in publicly available documents such as Gevo’s circular economy Archived 2021-06-14 at the Wayback Machine.

Economics of Isobutanol Production

Isobutanol is a four-carbon (C
₄) alcohol that can be directly used as a specialty chemical or a value-added fuel blendstock.^[4] It can also be converted into butenes. Butenes are primary hydrocarbon feedstocks that are used in the production of plastics, fibers, rubber, other polymers, and hydrocarbon fuels.

Isobutanol produced from renewable raw materials may be a competitive alternative source of C
₄ hydrocarbons for the petrochemical and refining industries. Isobutanol and its derivatives have potential applications in the global petrochemicals market. Manufacturers may replace petroleum-derived raw materials with isobutanol-derived raw materials. Additionally, the final products produced from isobutanol-based raw materials are chemically equivalent to those produced from petroleum-based raw materials and may help reduce the time to market adoption.^[5]

Creating Food and Fuel While Sequestering Carbon in the Soil

Gevo uses no. 2 dent corn to create high-protein animal feed and isobutanol. The leftover starch from the corn is used to make isobutanol, which can be converted into energy-dense liquid hydrocarbons like sustainable aviation fuel, renewable gasoline, and renewable diesel.

Target markets

Gevo's commercialization efforts are focused on the following markets:

• Isobutanol — Without any modification, isobutanol has applications as a specialty chemical and a fuel blendstock. In the fuel blendstock market, isobutanol can be used to replace high-value blendstocks, such as alkylate, and can be blended in conjunction with, or as a substitute for, ethanol and other widely used fuel oxygenates.^[6] In November 2010, Gevo became the first company to receive EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) certification for isobutanol as a fuel blendstock after meeting the EPA's standards under the Clean Air Act.^[7] While isobutanol can be used as a replacement for ethanol, its product properties are significantly different from ethanol's. As a gasoline blendstock, isobutanol's low Reid vapor pressure (RVP), high energy content, and low water solubility compared to ethanol make it a valuable product that can be sold directly to refineries and is compatible with existing engine and industry infrastructure, including pipeline assets. Isobutanol can also be sold for immediate use as a specialty solvent.
• Plastics, fibers, rubber. and other polymers — Isobutanol can be converted into a wide variety of hydrocarbons that form the basis for the production of many products, including rubber, lubricants, additives, methyl methacrylate, polypropylenes, polyesters, and polystyrene.
• Hydrocarbon Fuels — Alternatively, the hydrocarbons that can be produced from isobutanol can be used to manufacture jet and diesel fuel, as well as other hydrocarbon fuels. Airline companies that use Gevo’s jet fuel: Lufthansa, United Airlines, Etihad, Cathay Pacific Airways, Emirates, Japan Airlines, Korean Air, Atlas Air (November 2017)^[8]

Controversies

In February 2022, a methane digester owned by Gevo located at Winding Meadows Dairy near Rock Valley, Iowa, spilled manure. This spill flowed across frozen fields into Lizard Creek, a tributary of the Rock River.^[9] As a result, 376,414 gallons of liquid manure entered the waterways. It was later discovered that Gevo did not have a license to operate the digester.^[10] Although the Iowa Department of Natural Resources fined the dairy farmer $10,000 for the spill, Gevo was not fined.^[11]

References

1. "Gevo, Inc. Full Year 2021 Form 10-K Report". investors.gevo.com. 31 December 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
2. o Napolitano (September 16, 2021). "Argonne teams up with GEVO to apply lab's GREET Model to company's net-zero project | Argonne National Laboratory". www.anl.gov. Retrieved 2023-02-17.
3. "The Post-Alcohol World". The Economist. October 28, 2010. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
4. Leber, Jessica (January 13, 2010). "Biobutanol Firm Aims to Compete with Ethanol in 4 Years". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
5. Canter, Neil (July 1, 2008). "A Second-Generation Biofuel". AllBusiness. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
6. "From 1st- to 2nd-Generation Biofuel Technologies" (PDF). International Energy Agency. November 2008. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
7. "Gevo's isobutanol receives EPA registration". Ethanol Producer Magazine. November 23, 2010. Retrieved 2010-12-08.
8. "Gevo Inc. - News".
9. Welte, Dean (2022-02-08). "Authorities investigating manure spill in Lyon County, IA". KTIV. Retrieved 2023-02-17.
10. Kavahn Mansouri (2022-03-03). "Iowa manure recycler operated without state's permission when it leaked waste into creeks". Retrieved 2023-02-17.
11. Kavahn Mansouri (2022-07-06). "Workers in Iowa failed to investigate leak that poured manure wastewater into creeks". Retrieved 2023-02-17.

Further reading

• "The future of biofuels". The Economist. October 28, 2010.
• "16 biofuels, biochems companies make Global Cleantech 100 list". Biofuels Digest. October 14, 2010.
• "100 people in bioenergy". Biofuels Digest. October 15, 2010.
• "Biofuel maker Gevo files for IPO worth up to $150M". BusinessWeek. August 13, 2010. Archived from the original on August 20, 2010.
• Fehrenbacher, Katie (August 13, 2010). "What You Need to Know From Gevo's S-1". Earth2Tech. Archived from the original on August 18, 2010. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
• Ricketts, Camille (August 13, 2010). "Another biofuel IPO: Gevo files for $150M sale". VentureBeat.
• Ehde, Lori (August 10, 2010). "Agri-Energy sale official; Gevo to produce isobutanol". Rock Country Star Herald.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
• Kris, Bevill (August 17, 2010). "Gevo goes public to fund ethanol purchases". Ethanol Producer Magazine.
• "Bringing Biobutanol to Market: Bioenergy PROFITS Principle, Position Only for Growth". Biofuels Digest. August 23, 2010. Archived from the original on September 2, 2010. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
• Fehrenbacher, Katie (August 19, 2010). "10 of Cargill's Next-Gen Biofuel Bets". Reuters (via Earth2Tech). Archived from the original on August 27, 2010.
• "The Biorefinery Project of the Future: Part I of a 10-part series". Biofuels Digest. September 22, 2010.

External links

• Official website
• Business data for Gevo, Inc.:
  • Bloomberg
  • Google
  • Reuters
  • SEC filings
  • Yahoo!