German Reform Party

The German Reform Party (German: Deutsche Reformpartei or DRP) was a far-right political party active in the German Empire. It had antisemitism as its ideological basis.

German Reform Party Deutsche Reformpartei
Founded	1880
Dissolved	March 1914[1]
Merged into	German Social Reform Party (1894) German Völkisch Party (1914)
Ideology	German nationalism Antisemitism
Political position	Far-right

The initial German Reform Party was established in 1880 by Alexander Pinkert, a Saxony-based antisemite, as a strongly antisemitic and palingenetic party, advocating the elimination of the Jews and the rebirth of Germany. However this initiative only lasted until 1891.^[2]

The later version of the DRP was established in either 1889 or 1890 by Otto Böckel and Oswald Zimmermann, who had been involved in the original party, under the name Antisemitic People's Party.^[3] It was based in Erfurt in Saxony.^[4] The Deutscher Antisemitenbund, an initiative of Wilhelm Pickenbach, was also included as part of the newly formed party.^[5] The new party's main aim was the repeal of Jewish emancipation.^[6]

The party contested the 1890 German federal election, winning four seats in the Reichstag.^[7] It increased its total to eleven in 1893.^[7] The party officially adopted the name of the DRP to fight the latter election.^[8]

In 1894, the DRP merged with the similarly antisemitic German Social Party to form the German Social Reform Party.^[3][9] The drive for the merger of the two parties had been led by Zimmermann and was unsuccessfully opposed by Böckel.^[8] Having lost his seat in 1903, Böckel faded from politics after the merger.^[10]

Following the dissolution of the merged party in 1900 Zimmermann returned to using the DRP moniker and continued to sit in the Reichstag until 1910.^[11] In March 1914, the DRP merged again with the German Social Party to form the German Völkisch Party (DvP).^[1]

Election results

Reichstag

Date	Votes			Seats		Position	Size
	No.	%	± pp	No.	±
1903	138,344	1.46	New	6 / 397	New	Opposition	10th
1907	114,807	1.02	0.44	6 / 397	0	Opposition	11th
1912	60,758	0.50	0.52	3 / 397	2	Opposition	15th

References

1. Johannes Leicht; Arnulf Scriba (1 September 2016). "Deutsche Reformpartei (DRP) 1900-1914". LeMO – Lebendiges Museum Online. Deutsches Historisches Museum.
2. Matthew Lange, Antisemitic Elements in the Critique of Capitalism in German Culture, 1850-1933, Peter Lang, 2007, pp. 126-127
3. Richard S. Levy, Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, ABC-CLIO, 2005, p. 22
4. Christian Davis, Colonialism, Antisemitism, and Germans of Jewish Descent in Imperial Germany, University of Michigan Press, 2012, p. 26
5. Lange, Antisemitic Elements in the Critique of Capitalism in German Culture, p. 151
6. Michael C. Thomsett, The German Opposition to Hitler: The Resistance, the Underground, and Assassination Plots, 1938-1945, McFarland, 1997, p. 9
7. Davis, Colonialism, Antisemitism, and Germans of Jewish Descent in Imperial Germany, p. 33
8. Robert Melson, Revolution and Genocide: On the Origins of the Armenian Genocide and the Holocaust, University of Chicago Press, 1996, p. 118
9. Lange, Antisemitic Elements in the Critique of Capitalism in German Culture, p. 183
10. Dan S. White, The Splintered Party: National Liberalism in Hessen and the Reich, 1867-1918, 1976, p. 146
11. Walther Killy (ed.), Dictionary of German Biography: Thibaut - Zycha, Volume 10, Walter de Gruyter, 2006, p. 705