Genomoviridae

Genomoviridae is a family of single stranded DNA viruses that mainly infect fungi.^[1] The genomes of this family are small (2.2–2.4 kilobases in length). The genomes are circular single-stranded DNA and encode rolling-circle replication initiation proteins (Rep) and unique capsid proteins. In Rep-based phylogenies, genomoviruses form a sister clade to plant viruses of the family Geminiviridae.^[2][3] Ten genera are recognized in this family.^[4][5]

Genomoviridae
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Monodnaviria
Kingdom:	Shotokuvirae
Phylum:	Cressdnaviricota
Class:	Repensiviricetes
Order:	Geplafuvirales
Family:	Genomoviridae

The family name is an acronym derived from geminivirus-like, no movement protein.^[2]

The genus name Gemycircularvirus stands for Gemini-like myco-infecting circular virus.^[6][7] The type species of the genus Gemycircularvirus — Sclerotinia gemycircularvirus 1, reference strain Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hypovirulence associated DNA virus 1 (ssHADV-1), — was the first cultivated member of the family.^[2][5] Most other genomoviruses are uncultivated and have been discovered using metagenomics techniques, although more genomoviruses are being isolated as interest grows.^[1][3][8]

Taxonomy

The genera in this family are:^[4]

• Gemycircularvirus
• Gemyduguivirus
• Gemygorvirus
• Gemykibivirus
• Gemykolovirus
• Gemykrogvirus
• Gemykroznavirus
• Gemytondvirus
• Gemytripvirus
• Gemyvongvirus

Virology

Genome map of ssHADV-1, species Sclerotinia gemycircularvirus 1

These viruses have circular single-stranded genomes of 2.1–2.2 kilobases in length. All but one genomovirids contain monopartite genomes, whereas the genome of Fusarium graminearum gemytripvirus 1 (genus Gemytripvirus) consists of three segments.^[1] The monopartite genomes encode two proteins—a Rep (replicator) and a CP (capsid) protein. The Rep protein is most closely similar to the Rep protein of the Geminiviridae. In contrast, the CP protein has no known homologues.^{[citation needed]}

References

1. Li P, Wang S, Zhang L, Qiu D, Zhou X, Guo L (April 2020). "A tripartite ssDNA mycovirus from a plant pathogenic fungus is infectious as cloned DNA and purified virions". Science Advances. 6 (14): eaay9634. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.9634L. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aay9634. PMC 7138691. PMID 32284975. S2CID 215746433.
2. Krupovic M, Ghabrial SA, Jiang D, Varsani A (September 2016). "Genomoviridae: a new family of widespread single-stranded DNA viruses". Archives of Virology. 161 (9): 2633–2643. doi:10.1007/s00705-016-2943-3. PMID 27343045.
3. Varsani A, Krupovic M (January 2017). "Sequence-based taxonomic framework for the classification of uncultured single-stranded DNA viruses of the family Genomoviridae". Virus Evolution. 3 (1): vew037. doi:10.1093/ve/vew037. PMC 5399927. PMID 28458911.
4. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
5. Varsani A, Krupovic M (October 2021). "Family Genomoviridae: 2021 taxonomy update". Archives of Virology. 166 (10): 2911–2926. doi:10.1007/s00705-021-05183-y. PMID 34331585.
6. Rosario K, Dayaram A, Marinov M, Ware J, Kraberger S, Stainton D, et al. (December 2012). "Diverse circular ssDNA viruses discovered in dragonflies (Odonata: Epiprocta)". The Journal of General Virology. 93 (Pt 12): 2668–2681. doi:10.1099/vir.0.045948-0. PMID 22915694.
7. Yu X, Li B, Fu Y, Jiang D, Ghabrial SA, Li G, et al. (May 2010). "A geminivirus-related DNA mycovirus that confers hypovirulence to a plant pathogenic fungus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (18): 8387–8392. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.8387Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.0913535107. PMC 2889581. PMID 20404139.
8. Feng C, Feng J, Wang Z, Pedersen C, Wang X, Saleem H, et al. (August 2021). "Identification of the Viral Determinant of Hypovirulence and Host Range in Sclerotiniaceae of a Genomovirus Reconstructed from the Plant Metagenome". Journal of Virology. 95 (17): e0026421. doi:10.1128/jvi.00264-21. PMC 8354332. PMID 34132570.