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Human settlement in Scotland From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gatehouse of Fleet (Scots: Gatehoose o Fleet Scottish Gaelic: Taigh an Rathaid) is a town, half in the civil parish of Girthon, and half in the parish of Anwoth, divided by the river Fleet, Kirkcudbrightshire, within the council administrative area of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland.
Gatehouse of Fleet
| |
|---|---|
.jpg) Clock Tower on High Street | |
  Gatehouse of Fleet Location within Dumfries and Galloway | |
| Population | 990 (2022)[1] |
| OS grid reference | NX597561 |
| • Edinburgh | 84 mi (135 km) |
| • London | 287 mi (462 km) |
| Council area | |
| Lieutenancy area | |
| Country | Scotland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | CASTLE DOUGLAS |
| Postcode district | DG7 |
| Police | Scotland |
| Fire | Scottish |
| Ambulance | Scottish |
| UK Parliament | |
| Scottish Parliament | |
The western approach to the town is dominated by the imposing Cardoness Castle. The castle was built in the late 15th century by the McCulloch family, who were notable for their lawlessness as well as their support for John Balliol's claim to the throne of Scotland in the late 13th century.
The town takes its name from its location upon the river the Water of Fleet, which empties into the Fleet Bay, eventually entering the larger Wigtown Bay. The town's former role as the Gait House, or toll booth, over the river gives it the initial part of its name.
The settlement of Anwoth is one mile (1.5 km) to the west of Gatehouse of Fleet; Samuel Rutherford was minister at Anwoth Old Church from 1627 to 1636.
The original toll booth was established for the late 18th-century stagecoach route from Dumfries to Stranraer. The route at that time is now roughly followed by the A75 road. The route was a haven for bandits and highwaymen at the time, and travellers would often stop in the area rather than continue their journey at night, to avoid the high numbers of outlaws.
Much of the town's early development was attributable to the entrepreneur James Murray's decision to build his summer home, Cally House, in the area. In 1795, Murray successfully petitioned George III to grant Gatehouse of Fleet Burgh of Barony status, further aiding development of the town. The house was designed by Robert Mylne in the mid 18th century and built in 1763, being finished that same year.
Over the century after Cally House was built, the town developed into a centre for industry. Cotton mills were a prominent aspect of the town's business, and most of the buildings were converted for other uses as time went on. The Mill on the Fleet[2] is a converted mill that is now used as an exhibition centre for Gatehouse and the Fleet Valley area.
The Public Library in the High Street was opened in 1857 and was established by Horatio Murray Stewart of Cally House, the local landowner. The building was then refurbished between 1963–65 by local architect Antony Curtiss Wolffe.[3]
The Clock Tower is the most noticeable landmark within the town, and dates back to 1871. It was designed by architect Frederick Thomas Pilkington.[4]
Cally House was a stately home, formerly the seat of the Murrays of Broughton and Cally. It was converted for use as a residential school for evacuees from Glasgow during the Second World War, reopening as a hotel in the later 1940s. Since then, the house has been operating as the Cally Palace,[5] a hotel with its own 18-hole golf course.
Gatehouse of Fleet Town Hall, designed by James Robart Pearson, was completed in 1885 and benefits from a fine ornamental garden to its rear side.[6]
The Church of the Resurrection, 1971 was designed by Sutherland, Dickie & Copland.[7] The last Mass was celebrated on 1 February 2020 by the Bishop of Galloway, William Nolan and parish priest Rev Fr William McFadden. The church has since been demolished and the site sold for housing.[8][9]
The former Cally Estate Office was used to depict The Green Man Inn in the 1973 horror film The Wicker Man, in which a Christian policeman, played by Edward Woodward, investigates the disappearance of a missing girl in a remote community led by Christopher Lee on the Scottish island of Summerisle. Scenes were filmed outside the building with actors Edward Woodward as PC Howie and Britt Ekland as Willow, the landlord's daughter. Other scenes were filmed nearby at Anwoth, at the Old Kirk and at the Old Schoolhouse.
The Gatehouse of Fleet Roman Fortlet is a Scheduled Monument; however, there are no extant remains.[10] This fortlet may have existed "during the campaigns of governor Agricola sometime around 81 AD", and may have housed a garrison of about 80 men.[11]
Another Scheduled Monument in the Gatehouse of Fleet is Cardoness Castle, built in the late 15th century by a branch of Clan McCulloch.[12]
Gatehouse of Fleet had a provost for part of its history: These included:[19]
Garries Park is adjacent to Gatehouse of Fleet and is used for a variety of events throughout the year; the most notable being events throughout the Gala week. The park also serves as the home ground of Fleet Star Football Club.[21] The village formerly had a senior football club, Fleetside Rovers F.C., which entered the Scottish Qualifying Cup from 1902–03 to 1911–12.[22]
The Mill on the Fleet built in 1785 is a restored cotton mill on the banks of the River Fleet. It features displays on the history of the town and the Fleet Valley, a café with a riverside terrace, a second hand bookshop and the Gatehouse Tourist Information Centre.[23][24]
On the edge of the town is situated the historically significant Cardoness Castle.
Beaches near the town can be found at Carrick, Cardoness, Mossyard and Sandgreen.
Rainton Farm is situated 3 miles (5 km) from the town and is home to two dairy companies: Cream O' Galloway,[25] an ice cream production company providing visitor attractions, and The Ethical Dairy, a cheese production company.[26]
The Clints of Dromore[27] near the old Gatehouse of Fleet railway station provide rock-climbing.
For gravel cyclists, the forest tracks around Gatehouse of Fleet are "some of the best gravel trails in the UK". This has led to events such as the 2023 UCI Mountain Bike season race, The Gralloch, being held in and around Gatehouse.[28]
Gatehouse Gala is an annual, week long series of events that take place in late July and early August, such that Gala Day is the first Saturday in August.[29]
Events include fireworks, guided walks, competitions and music.[30][failed verification]
Each year, a "Gala Queen" (formerly "Miss Gatehouse") is elected from the Primary 7 year at Gatehouse Primary School along with a Queen's Consort. The Queen's Attendant and Queen's Page are elected from the Primary 3 year. The group of four lead the events throughout the week and hand the positions over to the newly elected at the opening ceremony of the following year's Gala.[citation needed]
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