Gammarus pulex

Gammarus pulex is a species of amphipod crustacean found in fresh water across much of Europe. It is a greyish animal, growing to 21 mm (0.83 in) long.

Gammarus pulex
A population of G. pulex
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Malacostraca
Order:	Amphipoda
Family:	Gammaridae
Genus:	Gammarus
Species:	G. pulex
Binomial name
Gammarus pulex (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
Cancer pulex Linnaeus, 1758 Rivulogammarus pulex (Linnaeus, 1758) [nom. inval.]

Description

Adult males of Gammarus pulex may reach a total length of 21 millimetres (0.83 in), while females only grow to 14 mm (0.55 in).^[1] The adults have a robust appearance; they are typically greyish with markings in dark brown or green.^[1]

Individuals of the genus Dendrocometes are known to be parasites which reside on the gills of G. pulex.^[2]

Distribution

Gammarus pulex is found across most of Europe from the Volga drainage in the east to the British Isles in the west.^[3][4] It is absent from Norway, parts of Scotland, and Ireland,^[3] although it was introduced to Lough Neagh in the 1950s, where it is replacing the native Gammarus duebeni.^[5]

Taxonomic history

Gammarus pulex was one of the species included in the 10th edition of Carl Linnaeus' Systema Naturae, which marks the starting point for zoological nomenclature, in 1758. Linnaeus called the species Cancer pulex, the specific epithet pulex being Latin for "flea". His description was, however, vague, and could apply to "nearly every species of amphipod".^[1] Some of Linnaeus' references refer to freshwater species, while others refer to marine species. The application of the name was settled in 1970 by the redescription of the species and the selection of a neotype from a stream on the Swedish island of Öland.^[1]

The name Rivulogammarus has been used for a part of the genus Gammarus when it is split into smaller genera, and G. pulex has sometimes been called Rivulogammarus pulex. This name is, however, invalid under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, since G. pulex is the type species of the genus Gammarus, and the genus that contains it must therefore be named Gammarus.^[6]

Parasites

Gammarus pulex are known to be infected by at least three different species of acantocephalan parasites, Pomphorhynchus laevis, P. minutus, and P. tereticollis.^[7]

References

1. S. Pinkster (1970). "Redescription of Gammarus pulex (Linnaeus, 1758) based on neotype material (Amphipoda)". Crustaceana. 18 (2): 177–186. doi:10.1163/156854070X00798. JSTOR 20101677.
2.  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Dendrocometes". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 19.
3. David M. Holdich & Manfred Pöckl (2007). "Invasive crustaceans in European inland waters". In Francesca Gherardi (ed.). Biological Invaders in Inland Waters: Profiles, Distribution and Threats. Volume 2 of Invading Nature. Springer. pp. 29–76. ISBN 978-1-4020-6028-1.
4. Takhteev VV, Sidorov DA (2012). "Razonoobrazie i raspredelenie amfipod kontinentalnykh vod severnoi Evrazii". Aktualnye problemy izucheniya rakoobraznyh kontinentalnyh vod. pp. 102–107. ISBN 978-5-91806-009-4.
5. C. E. Carter & P. M. Murphy (1993). "The macroinvertebarate fauna of Lough Neagh". In R. B. Wood & R. V. Smith (ed.). Lough Neagh: the ecology of a multipurpose water resource. Volume 69 of Monographiae Biologicae. Springer. pp. 339–367. ISBN 978-0-7923-2112-5.
6. Jan Hendrik Stock (1969). "Rivulogammarus, an amphipod name that must be rejected". Crustaceana. 17 (1): 106–107. doi:10.1163/156854069X00105.
7. Cornet, Stéphane; Franceschi, Nathalie; Bauer, Alexandre; Rigaud, Thierry; Moret, Yannick (2009). "Immune depression induced by acanthocephalan parasites in their intermediate crustacean host: Consequences for the risk of super-infection and links with host behavioural manipulation". International Journal for Parasitology. 39 (2): 221–229. doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.06.007.