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The surname Galbraith is derived from the Gaelic elements gall, meaning "stranger", and Breathnach, meaning "Briton".[1] As such, the surname can be taken to mean "British foreigner",[2] "British Scandinavian",[3] "foreign Briton",[4] or "stranger-Briton".[5] The surname Galbraith can be rendered in Scottish Gaelic as Mac a' Bhreatannaich.[6]
The surname is borne by members of Clan Galbraith.[7] The clan is known in Gaelic as Clann a' Bhreatannaich.[4] The earliest recorded chief of this family may be "Gillcrist Bretnach", a man attested in 1193.[8] This man's name could indicate that he was either of Welsh[9] or North British ancestry.[10]
Early examples of forms of the surname include: "Gillescop Galbrad" in 1208×1214;[11] "Gillescop Galbrath" in 1208×1214;[12] "Gillescop Gallebrad" in 1208×1214;[13] "Wilielmo filio Arthuri filii Galbrait" in 1239;[14] "Gillaspec Galbraith" in 1208×1241;[15] and "Mauritio filio Gillaspic Galbraith" in 1208×1265.[16]
- Alastair Galbraith (musician), (born 1965) musician from Dunedin, New Zealand
- Catherine G Galbraith, expert in cell migration and super-resolution microscopy
- Clare Calbraith (born 1974), English actor
- Daniel Galbraith (Ontario politician) (1813-1879) Scottish-Canadian farmer and politician
- Daniel Harcourt Galbraith (1878-1968), Canadian provincial politician
- Danny Galbraith (born 1990), Scottish footballer
- Declan Galbraith (born 1991), British singer
- Douglas Galbraith (1965-2018), Scottish historical novelist
- Evan Griffith Galbraith (1928–2008), United States diplomat
- Francis Joseph Galbraith (1913–1986), United States diplomat
- Frederick W. Galbraith (1874–1921), American businessman; second national commander of The American Legion (1920–1921)
- Gatewood Galbraith (1947–2012), a Kentucky lawyer, author and politician
- George Galbraith (born 1955), Danish ice hockey goaltender and coach
- George Galbraith (priest) (died 1911), Dean of Derry
- Georgie Starbuck Galbraith (1909–1980), American poet
- Jack Galbraith, former Scottish footballer
- James Galbraith (Canadian politician) (born 1940), Canadian Progressive Conservative politician
- James K. Galbraith (born 1952), United States economist, son of John Kenneth Galbraith
- Jo-Ann Galbraith (born 1985), Australian archer
- John Kenneth Galbraith (1908–2006), Canadian-born American economist
- Lettice Galbraith (1859–1932), ghost story writer[17]
- Neil Galbraith, Australian curler
- Patrick Galbraith (born 1967), United States professional tennis player
- Patrick Galbraith (ice hockey) (born 1986), Danish professional ice hockey goaltender
- Paul Galbraith, (born 1964), Scottish-born classical guitarist
- Peter W. Galbraith (born 1950), United States diplomat and commentator, son of John Kenneth Galbraith
- Robert Galbraith, (born 1965), pen name of J.K. Rowling; writer of "The Cuckoo's Calling"
- Sam Galbraith (1945-2014), Scottish Labour Party politician
- Sheldon Galbraith (1922-2015), Canadian figure skating coach
- Tam Galbraith (1917–1982), Scottish Conservative and Unionist politician
- Thomas Dunlop Galbraith, 1st Baron Strathclyde (1891–1985), British politician
- Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde (born 1960), British Conservative Party politician
- Thomas J. Galbraith (mid-19th century), United States politician
- Vivian Hunter Galbraith, British historian
- W. R. Galbraith, (mid-late 19th century) Civil engineer in the United Kingdom
- Walter Galbraith (1918–1995), Scottish football player and manager
- Galbraith, Iowa, a community in the United States
- 4089 Galbraith, an asteroid
- Clan Galbraith, a Scottish clan
- Galbraith Mountain, local name for North Lookout Mountain near Bellingham, Washington
- Galbraith supermarkets
- Galbreath
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