GE AC6000CW

The AC6000CW is a 6,000-horsepower (4,500 kW) diesel electric locomotive built between 1995 and 2001 by GE Transportation. It is among the world's most powerful single-engined diesel locomotives. The locomotive was designed for extremely high horsepower needs, such as pulling heavy coal and ore trains. Most examples were purchased by two railroads: Union Pacific and CSX.^[3]

GE AC6000CW
A CSX Transportation AC6000CW passing through the New River Gorge, West Virginia in February 2008
Type and origin Power type Diesel-electric Builder GE Transportation Model AC6000CW Build date 1995–2001 Total produced 317
Specifications Configuration: ​  • AAR C-C  • UIC Co′Co′ Gauge 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge Wheel diameter 42 in (1,067 mm) Length 76 ft 0 in (23.16 m) Width 10 ft 3 in (3.12 m) Height 16 ft 0 in (4.88 m) Axle load 72,000 lb (32,658.7 kilograms; 32.7 tonnes) max Loco weight 423,000–432,000 lb (192,000–196,000 kilograms) 212–216 short tons (189–193 long tons; 192–196 t) Fuel type diesel fuel Fuel capacity 5,500 US gal (21,000 L; 4,600 imp gal) or 6,200 US gal (23,000 L; 5,200 imp gal) Prime mover GE 7FDL16, 7HDL16, GEVO-16 (rebuilds) RPM range 200–1,050 Engine type 45° V16, four-stroke cycle Aspiration Twin turbocharger, model 7S1408D Displacement 251.2 liters (15,330 cu in) (7HDL16, GEVO-16)[1] 175.2 liters (10,690 cu in) (7FDL16)[2] Alternator GE GMG201 Traction motors GE GEB13 AC Cylinders 16 Transmission diesel electric AC Alternator to DC link to AC Traction inverters and Motors MU working Yes Loco brake Dynamic and electropneumatic brake Train brakes WABCO EPIC 3102 Electropneumatic, others with WABCO 26L pneumatic
Performance figures Maximum speed 75 mph (121 km/h) (worn wheels) Power output 6,000 hp (4,500 kW) Tractive effort Starting: 188,000 lbf (840 kN) Continuous: 166,000 lbf (740 kN) @ 11.6 mph (18.7 km/h) Factor of adh. 2.16 to 2.35
Career Operators CSX Transportation Union Pacific Railroad BHP Billiton Locale North America, Australia Disposition Nearly all built have been retired, scrapped, or rebuilt as C44ACM, GECX 6002 (formerly Union Pacific 7511) preserved at the Lake Shore Railway Museum in North East, Pennsylvania, one converted to a bar by Aberdeen, Carolina and Western Railway.

Design and production

The AC6000CW was designed at the height of a horsepower race between the two major locomotive manufacturers, Electro-Motive Division of La Grange, Illinois with the SD90MAC, and GE Transportation of Erie, Pennsylvania with the AC6000CW, in the early to mid 1990s. The goal was 6,000 horsepower (4,500 kW).

GE worked with Deutz-MWM of Germany in 1994 to design and construct the 6,250-horsepower (4,660-kilowatt) 7HDL engine for the locomotives.^[3] The first locomotive with a 7HDL was the "Green Machine" GE 6000, nicknamed for its green paint scheme. The first production models were also built in 1995: CSX Transportation 600-602, and Union Pacific Railroad 7000-7009.^[3] All these locomotives were released to their respective owners in late 1996, once GE's testing was complete.

GE built 106 AC6000CWs for Union Pacific, but with the older, proven 7FDL engine installed, rated for 4,400 hp (3,300 kW). These units were originally intended to be converted to the 6,250 hp (4,660 kW) 7HDL engine after some problems with the 7HDL were solved, but the conversion never occurred. GE calls these units AC6000CW "Convertibles", while UP classifies them as C6044ACs or AC4460CWs.

The AC6000CW ended production in 2001. Union Pacific designates their units as C60AC, CSX as CW60AC and CW60AH.

Service history

Union Pacific Railroad 7391, an example of the 106 "Convertibles" built for Union Pacific Railroad with the 7FDL engine. This was renumbered to 7065 then to 7052.

The initial locomotives suffered from various mechanical problems with the most severe being the engine itself. There were major vibration problems which were addressed by increasing the engine mass to lower the resonant frequency. This in turn caused problems with the twin turbochargers. These problems caused GE to push back full production of the new model until 1998. Changes such as stiffer materials and increased engine wall thickness (to increase mass) were in place at full production.^{[citation needed]}

CSX Transportation had re-powered many of their AC6000CW units from 16-7HDL engines to GEVO-16 to make them more reliable and environmentally friendly. These units were capable of 5,800 hp (4,300 kW) but had been rated at 4,600 hp (3,400 kW) and classified as CW46AHs.^{[citation needed]} Union Pacific also had their 16-7HDL AC6000's repowered with FDL-16's, creating an entire fleet of 4,400-hp AC6000CWs.^[4]

Beginning in 2018, Union Pacific had begun sending its AC6000CWs to GE for rebuilding. The rebuilt units are classified as C44ACMs. By 2023, all of the units have been rebuilt.^[5]

By 2024, CSX had scrapped or sold off all of their AC6000 except for three of their pre-production AC6000CWs that were repowered with FDL16 engines. The rest were either sold off to leasing company Progress Rail Services (PRLX), the Western New York and Pennsylvania Railroad (WNYP), or scrapped.^[4]

World record

On June 21, 2001, all eight of the Australian mining company BHP Billiton's Mount Newman railway AC6000s worked together to set the world record for the heaviest and longest train. They hauled 99,734 tonnes (98,159 long tons; 109,938 short tons) and 682 wagons for 275 kilometres (171 miles) between Yandi mine and Port Hedland. The train was 7.3 kilometres (4.536 miles) long and carried 82,000 tonnes (81,000 long tons; 90,000 short tons) of iron ore.^[6] The record still stands as of 2023^[update]. These are the only AC6000CWs that were exported outside of the United States. They are the most powerful locomotives to have operated in Australia.^[7]

Operators

BHP Billiton's AC6000CW 6071 at Finucane Island on the Goldsworthy railway, Western Australia in April 2012, an EMD SD70ACe can be seen at right

Hood end view of CSX Transportation's 627 at Pinner's Point in Portsmouth, Virginia, note the enlarged radiator section overhanging the rear of the unit

Operator	Type	Roadnumber	Num Built	Build Date	Notes
BHP Billiton[note 1]	Standard	6070 (Port Hedland)	8	June -July 1999	Wrecked and retired in 2011
		6071 (Chichester)			In 2013/14 these were replaced by EMD SD70ACes.[8] Despite their historical significance, they were eventually scrapped in late 2014 after BHP couldn't find any buyers who were interested in acquiring the locomotives.[9]
		6072 (Hesta)
		6073 (Fortescue)
		6074 (Kalgan)
		6075 (Newman)
		6076 (Mount Goldsworthy)
		6077 (Nimingarra)
CSX Transportation	Standard	600-602	3	December 1995	600-602 original prime movers replaced with 4,400 hp (3,300 kW) 7FDL16 engines. This is due to these units being pre-production models and mechanical differences between them and the production model.
		603-699, 5000-5016	114	October 1998-April 2000	603-699, 5000-5016's original prime movers replaced with 4,600 hp (3,400 kW) 16 cyl. GEVO prime movers and new computer equipment essentially making them ES46ACs. CSX classifies these units as CW46AHs. 5015 and 5016 were both classified as a CW60AH. All sold to Progress Rail. 8 units were resold to Western New York & Pennsylvania Railroad; units 6000, 6003, and 6006-6007 later returned to GECX by 2024.[10]
Union Pacific	Standard	7500-7509	10	November 1995-December 1996	The first ten units were originally numbered 7000-7009. 7000 was the first AC6000CW ever built. All were converted to AC4460CW units and renumbered to 6888-6968. They were classified as C44ACCCA. In 2023, all were rebuilt to C44ACM.
		7510-7554	45	July-December 1998
		7555-7579	25	January 2001
	Convertible	7336-7405	70	November 1995-September 1996	These units were renumbered to 7010-7079 to make room for ES44ACs, but are not in the same order. They were classified as C4460AC and rebuilt to C44ACM later on in 2018.
		7300-7335	36	March-May 1998	Classified as C4460AC, all rebuilt to C44ACM in 2017-2018.

Preservation

GECX #6002 (ex-Union Pacific #7511) was donated by GE to the Lake Shore Railway Museum in North East, Pennsylvania in 2022. It is the first modern AC traction locomotive to enter preservation.^[11]

The Aberdeen Carolina and Western Railway has created their "Engine Room 87" out of the scrapped husk of former PRLX 656/CSX 666 for the US Open special train.^[4]

See also

• GE Evolution Series § ES44DCi/ES44ACi

Notes

1. The 8 units were named after towns and locations in the Pilbara region of Western Australia where they operated.

References

1. Official archived engine description
2. 7FDL16 Specifications Page 24
3. McDonnell, Greg (2002). Field guide to modern diesel locomotives. Waukesha, Wisc.: Kalmbach Publishing. pp. 74–77. ISBN 0-89024-607-6. OCLC 50411517.
4. "General Electric AC6000CW locomotives: Where are they now?". Trains. 18 July 2024. Archived from the original on 19 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
5. Cotey, Angela (18 March 2018). "Union Pacific begins GE rebuilding program NEWSWIRE". Trains. Archived from the original on 7 August 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
6. BHP breaks its own 'heaviest train' record Archived 7 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine Railway Gazette 1 August 2001
7. Clark, Peter (2012). An Australian Locomotive Guide. Rosenberg Publishing. p. 288. ISBN 9781921719554.
8. "BHPB Iron Ore Update" Motive Power Issue 91 January/February 2014 page 9
9. "10-2014 - Pilbara Railways Scanned and Digital Image Showcase". www.pilbararailways.com.au. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
10. "Western New York & Pennsylvania".
11. "Wabtec donates AC6000 locomotive to Lake Shore museum". Trains. 23 March 2022. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2022.