French ship Conquérant (1746)

For other ships with the same name, see French ship Conquérant.

The Conquérant was originally designed and built by François Coulomb the Younger at Toulon from 1745 to 1747, as a modified version of the same constructor's Terrible built at the same dockyard in 1736-40. In need of major repairs by early 1755, she was not employed throughout the Seven Years' War, after which she was formally taken out of service on 17 March 1764 and was rebuilt by Joseph-Louis Ollivier at Brest from January to December 1765 as a Citoyen-class 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy.

Conquérant at the Battle of Cape Henry
History
France
Name	Conquérant
Namesake	"Conqueror"
Ordered	5 March 1743
Builder	Toulon
Laid down	February 1745
Launched	10 March 1746
In service	January 1747
Captured	2 August 1798
Great Britain
Name	Conquerant
Acquired	2 August 1798
Fate	Broken up January 1803 Plymouth
General characteristics
Class and type	Citoyen class ship of the line
Displacement	1500 tonnes
Length	55.1 m (181 ft)
Beam	14.1 m (46 ft)
Draught	6.8 m (22 ft)
Propulsion	Sail
Armament	74 guns: Lower battery: 28 × 36-pounders Upper battery: 30 × 18-pounders Forecastle and quarterdeck: 16 × 8-pounders
Armour	Timber

Career

In 1778, Conquérant was under Baron de Monteil, part of the Third division in the Blue squadron of the fleet under Orvilliers.^[1] She took part in the Battle of Ushant on 27 July 1778, where Monteil was wounded.^[2]

On 2 May 1780,^[3] she departed Brest with the 7-ship and 3-frigate Expédition Particulière under Admiral Ternay, escorting 36 transports carrying troops to support the Continental Army in the War of American Independence. The squadron comprised the 80-gun Duc de Bourgogne, under Ternay d'Arsac (admiral) and Médine (flag captain); the 74-gun Neptune, under Sochet Des Touches, and Conquérant, under La Grandière; and the 64-gun Provence under Lombard, Ardent under Bernard de Marigny, Jason under La Clocheterie and Éveillé under Le Gardeur de Tilly, and the frigates Surveillante under Villeneuve Cillart, Amazone under La Pérouse, and Bellone.^[4] Amazone, which constituted the vanguard of the fleet, arrived at Boston on 11 June 1780.^[5]

She took part in the Battle of the Nile, where she was armed with only 18- and 12-pounders, and crewed by a mere 400 men, under captain Dalbarade.^[6] Second ship in the vanguard of her line, Conquérant sustained fire from the passing British ships sailing to attack the centre of the French fleet. She was particularly targeted by HMS Audacious and Goliath, who reduced her to a hulk before 19:00. Immobilised, hopelessly overgunned and undermanned, her captain mortally wounded, Conquérant struck her colours and was seized by a boarding party from Audacious.

She was subsequently recommissioned in the Royal Navy under the same name.

Citations

1. Lacour-Gayet (1910), p. 618.
2. Contenson (1934), p. 649.
3. Roche (2005), p. 159.
4. Lacour-Gayet (1910), p. 645.
5. Monaque (2000), p. 38.
6. LA CAMPAGNE D'EGYPTE Archived 2010-01-17 at the Wayback Machine

References

• Contenson, Ludovic (1934). La Société des Cincinnati de France et la guerre d'Amérique (1778-1783). Paris: éditions Auguste Picard. OCLC 7842336.
• Demerliac, Alain (2004). La Marine de Louis XVI: Nomenclature des Navires Français de 1774 à 1792 (in French). Éditions Ancre. ISBN 2-906381-23-3.
• Lacour-Gayet, Georges (1910). La marine militaire de la France sous le règne de Louis XVI. Paris: Honoré Champion.
• Monaque, Rémi (2000). Les aventures de Louis-René de Latouche-Tréville, compagnon de La Fayette et commandant de l'Hermione (in French). Paris: SPM.
• Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours, 1671 - 1870. Group Retozel-Maury Millau. pp. 325–6. ISBN 978-2-9525917-0-6. OCLC 165892922.
• Winfield, Rif; Roberts, Stephen S (2017). French Warships in the Age of Sail 1626–1786: Design Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-4738-9351-1.

External links

• Naval Database Archived 2012-02-07 at the Wayback Machine