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1873-1875 U.S. Congress From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 43rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1873, to March 4, 1875, during the fifth and sixth years of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency.
| 43rd United States Congress | |
|---|---|
42nd ← → 44th | |
United States Capitol (1877) | |
March 4, 1873 – March 4, 1875 | |
| Members | 74 senators 292 representatives 10 non-voting delegates |
| Senate majority | Republican |
| Senate President | Henry Wilson (R) |
| House majority | Republican |
| House Speaker | James G. Blaine (R) |
| Sessions | |
| Special[a]: March 4, 1873 – March 26, 1873 1st: December 1, 1873 – June 23, 1874 2nd: December 7, 1874 – March 4, 1875 | |
The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1870 United States census.
Both chambers had a Republican majority. This is the last time Republicans held a 2/3 majority in the Senate.
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Anti- Monopoly (AM) | Liberal Republican (LR) | Republican (R) | |||
| End of previous congress | 17 | 0 | 1 | 54 | 72 | 2 |
| Begin | 19 | 0 | 3 | 50 | 72 | 2 |
| End | 20 | 2 | 51 | 73 | 1 | |
| Final voting share | 27.4% | 0.0% | 2.7% | 69.9% | ||
| Beginning of next congress | 28 | 1 | 0 | 43 | 72 | 2 |
Before this Congress, the 1870 United States Census and resulting reapportionment changed the size of the House to 292 members.
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Independent Democratic (ID) | Independent (I) | Independent Republican (IR) | Liberal Republican (LR) | Republican (R) | |||
| End of previous congress | 97 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 140 | 242 | 1 |
| Begin | 87 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 198 | 290 | 2 |
| End | 91 | 1 | 193 | |||||
| Final voting share | 31.4% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 1.4% | 66.6% | ||
| Beginning of next congress | 177 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 101 | 286 | 5 |
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class and Members of the House by district.
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1874; class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1876; and class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1878.
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
| State (class) |
Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[b] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Massachusetts (2) | Vacant | Henry Wilson resigned in previous congress after becoming Vice President of the United States. Successor elected March 17, 1873. |
George S. Boutwell (R) | March 17, 1873 |
| Mississippi (1) | Adelbert Ames (R) | Resigned March 17, 1873, after being elected Governor of Mississippi. Successor elected February 3, 1874. |
Henry R. Pease (R) | February 3, 1874 |
| Kansas (2) | Alexander Caldwell (R) | Resigned March 24, 1873. Successor appointed November 24, 1873. |
Robert Crozier (R) | November 24, 1873 |
| California (1) | Eugene Casserly (D) | Resigned November 29, 1873. Successor elected December 23, 1873. |
John S. Hager (D) | December 23, 1873 |
| Kansas (2) | Robert Crozier (R) | Interim appointee retired when successor elected February 2, 1874. | James M. Harvey (R) | February 2, 1874 |
| Massachusetts (1) | Charles Sumner (LR) | Died March 11, 1874. Successor elected April 17, 1874. |
William B. Washburn (R) | April 17, 1874 |
| Connecticut (1) | William A. Buckingham (R) | Died February 5, 1875. Successor appointed February 5, 1875, having already been elected to the next tern. |
William W. Eaton (D) | February 5, 1875 |
| District | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[b] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Louisiana 4th | Vacant | Rep-elect Samuel Peters died before taking seat | George L. Smith (R) | November 24, 1873 |
| Georgia 8th | Vacant | Rep-elect Ambrose R. Wright died before taking seat | Alexander H. Stephens (D) | December 1, 1873 |
| New York 6th | James Brooks (D) | Died April 30, 1873 | Samuel S. Cox (D) | November 4, 1873 |
| Massachusetts 3rd | William Whiting (R) | Died June 29, 1873 | Henry L. Pierce (R) | December 1, 1873 |
| Oregon At-large | Joseph G. Wilson (R) | Died July 2, 1873 | James Nesmith (D) | December 1, 1873 |
| Michigan 5th | Wilder D. Foster (R) | Died September 20, 1873 | William B. Williams (R) | December 1, 1873 |
| Virginia 5th | Alexander Davis (D) | Lost contested election March 5, 1874 | Christopher Thomas (R) | March 5, 1874 |
| Georgia 1st | Morgan Rawls (D) | Lost contested election March 24, 1874 | Andrew Sloan (R) | March 24, 1874 |
| New York 9th | David B. Mellish (R) | Died May 23, 1874 | Richard Schell (D) | December 7, 1874 |
| Arkansas 3rd | William W. Wilshire (R) | Lost contested election June 16, 1874 | Thomas M. Gunter (D) | June 16, 1874 |
| Ohio 12th | Hugh J. Jewett (D) | Resigned June 23, 1874, after becoming President of the Erie Railroad | William E. Finck (D) | December 7, 1874 |
| New York 3rd | Stewart L. Woodford (R) | Resigned July 1, 1874 | Simeon B. Chittenden (IR) | November 3, 1874 |
| South Carolina 3rd | Robert B. Elliott (R) | Resigned November 1, 1874 | Lewis C. Carpenter (R) | November 3, 1874 |
| Illinois 1st | John B. Rice (R) | Died December 17, 1874 | Bernard G. Caulfield (D) | February 1, 1875 |
| Massachusetts 10th | Alvah Crocker (R) | Died December 26, 1874 | Charles A. Stevens (R) | January 27, 1875 |
| Pennsylvania 23rd | Ebenezer McJunkin (R) | Resigned January 1, 1875 | John M. Thompson (R) | January 5, 1875 |
| Florida At-large | William J. Purman (R) | Resigned January 25, 1875 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| Maine 4th | Samuel F. Hersey (R) | Died February 3, 1875 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| Louisiana 1st | J. Hale Sypher (R) | Lost contested election March 3, 1875 | Effingham Lawrence (D) | March 3, 1875 |
| Louisiana At-Large | Vacant | Contested election originally won by Pinckney Pinchback | George A.Sheridan (R) | March 3, 1875 |
Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
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