Filippo di Piero Strozzi

Filippo di Piero Strozzi (French: Philippe Strozzi; 1541 – 27 July 1582) was an Italian condottiero, a member of the Florentine family of the Strozzi. He fought mainly for France.^[1]

Filippo di Piero Strozzi
Born	1541 Florence, Italy
Died	27 July 1582 (aged 40–41) Azores
Allegiance	Kingdom of France
Service / branch	French Army
Years of service	1557–1582
Rank	Colonel General
Battles / wars	Italian War of 1551–59 Great Siege of Malta French Wars of Religion War of the Portuguese Succession
Awards	Order of the Holy Spirit
Relations	Piero Strozzi (father)

Coat of arms of Filippo Strozzi containing the Order of the Holy Spirit and the Order of Saint Michael.

Biography

He was born in Florence to Piero Strozzi and Laudomia de' Medici. His father had been exiled from his native city and found refuge in France where Catherine de' Medici was queen. Piero would go on to be appointed as Marshal of France. His son Filippo became the page of the future king Francis II.

In 1557, Strozzi entered the French army. Starting from the first battles in Piedmont, he fought in numerous battles of the 16th century. In 1558, he took part in the siege of Calais against England, where his father was killed soon afterward at the Siege of Thionville. In 1560, he was sent to Scotland to fight for the then-regent Mary of Guise against Elizabeth of England and was made lord of Épernay. Three years, later he became colonel of the Royal Guards.

In 1564, he came to help Emperor Maximilian II during the Ottoman invasion in Hungary. The following year, he faced again the Ottomans at the siege of Malta. From there, he moved to Rome and called to counter the Turk menace in the Adriatic Sea, distinguishing himself in the defence of Ancona. He later fought also in Transylvania.

Returned to France in 1567, he fought against the Huguenots. Two years later, he became the sole Colonel General (commander-in-chief of the army) of France, and subsequently took part to the long siege of La Rochelle. He was accompanied by his friend Pierre de Bourdeille. In 1573, he fought alongside the House of Orange against the Spaniards.

In 1581, Filippo Strozzi exchanged the position of General Commander for that of lord of Bressuire and was called by António, Prior of Crato (Portuguese claimant to the Portuguese throne against Spanish Habsburg King Philip II) as a private mercenary. With a contingent of French, Dutch, English, and Portuguese volunteers, he set sail to the Azores, a Portuguese Atlantic territory that still did not recognize Philip II as king. His fleet was, however, destroyed in the Battle of Terceira (26 July 1582) by the Spanish-Portuguese navy under the admiral Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz.^[2][3]

Taken prisoner, he was executed at age 42, by being wounded to death and then thrown into the sea from a Spanish ship, as a pirate. The harsh punishments meted out to the unfortunate Strozzi and captured members of his crews were carried out at the instructions of the Spanish admiral, despite much protest from his own crews.

References

1. Sims, Jennifer E. (2022-08-02). Decision Advantage: Intelligence in International Politics from the Spanish Armada to Cyberwar. Oxford University Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-19-750806-0.
2. Best, Brian (2021-03-15). Elizabeth's Sea Dogs and their War Against Spain. Frontline Books. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-5267-8288-5.
3. Gargiolli, Carlo (1866). Vite di uomini d'arme e d'affari del secolo 16. narrate da contemporanei Pier Capponi, Giovanni De' Medici, Niccolò Capponi, Francesco Ferrucci, Piero Strozzi [a cura di C. G.] (in Italian). G. Barbèra. p. 601.