Fifth Battle of the Isonzo
1916 battle by the Soča River, Slovenia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1916 battle by the Soča River, Slovenia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Fifth Battle of the Isonzo was fought from March 9–15, 1916 between the armies of the Kingdom of Italy and those of Austria-Hungary. The Italians had decided to launch another offensive on the Soča (Isonzo) River.
This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (February 2013) |
Fifth Battle of the Isonzo | |||||||
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Part of the Italian Front (World War I) | |||||||
Italian trenches at the beginning of the Fifth Battle of the Isonzo | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Kingdom of Italy | Austria-Hungary | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Luigi Cadorna (Chief of Staff of the Italian Army) Pietro Frugoni (Commander of Second Army) Emanuele Filiberto di Savoia (Commander of Third Army) |
Archduke Friedrich (Supreme Commander of the Austro-Hungarian Army) Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf (Chief of the General Staff) Archduke Eugen of Austria-Teschen (Commander of Southwest Front) Svetozar Boroević von Bojna (Commander of Fifth Army) Franz Rohr von Denta (Commander of Tenth Army) Gustav Globočnik Edler von Vojka (Commander of Group Globočnik in Tenth Army) | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
286 battalions (plus 90 in reserve) 1,360 guns |
100 battalions (plus 30 in reserve) 470 guns | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
1,882 killed, wounded and missing | 1,985 killed and wounded |
After four attempts to cross the Soča (Isonzo) river and invade Austro-Hungarian territory, Luigi Cadorna, the Italian commander-in-chief, organized a strong new offensive following the winter lull in fighting which had allowed the Italian High Command to regroup and organize 8 new divisions for the front.[1]
However, it was an offensive launched not after detailed strategic planning, but rather as a distraction to shift the Central Powers away from the Eastern Front and from Verdun, where the greatest bloodshed of the war was occurring. The attack was a result of the allied Chantilly Conference of December 1915.[1]
Starting on March 11th with a 2-day artillery bombardment, the Fifth Battle concentrated on the middle reach of the river between Tolmin and Monte San Michele. The Italians fought a bloody attempt at taking Podgora Hill from Dalmatian soldiers. [2]
Several kilometers away, the Italians scaled and took Mount Sabatino from the Austrians, which had been well-planned since the previous winter. This, however, was the only real gain they made during the battle: offensives elsewhere, including at Mount Mrzli, Tolmin, and the hamlet of San Martino, were unsuccessful.[2]
Snow and fog in the south forced the Italian attacks to end, after a week of fighting that cost the lives of 4,000 men between both sides. The attacks ordered by Cadorna for the 2nd and 3rd Italian Armies as "demonstrations" against the enemy, proved to be less bloody than those previously. [3]
After a week of fighting that cost the lives of 4,000 men between both sides, the clashes ceased because of the terrible weather conditions that worsened the trench conditions and because of the Austro-Hungarian "punitive" offensive in the Trentino.
Along certain parts of the front, especially around Gorizia, skirmishes continued between enemy platoons until March 30 and beyond, in a protracted struggle that produced no clear victor.
Cadorna had called upon his Russian allies to keep the Austria-Hungarian units at bay on the Eastern front given Cadorna the chance to redeploy his forces at Trentino all the while abandoning the Fifth Battle of the Isonzo.
A Croatian newspaper stated that the offensive had "ended in the same kind of success as the first four." Cadorna concluded from this battle that he needed more heavy artillery, and planned a sixth offensive after hearing promises of resupply from Italy's allies.
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