Ficus (gastropod)

Ficus is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Ficidae, the fig shells.^[3]

Ficus
Dorsal view of a shell of Ficus gracilis
Five views of a shell of Ficus gracilis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:	Ficoidea
Family:	Ficidae
Genus:	Ficus Röding, 1798[1][2]
Type species
Ficus ficus Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms[3]
Ficula Swainson, 1835 † Ficus (Ficopsis) Conrad, 1866 · accepted, alternate representation Pirula Montfort, 1810 Pyrula Lamarck, 1799 Sycotypus Gray, 1847

This is the type of the family Ficidae. Previously it has been categorized in the family Muricidae by Tryon, 1873) and Tritonidae (by Mörch)

Description

The light, pyriform shell is ventricose, ribbed, and cancellated. The spire very short. The aperture large. The smooth columella is simple. The elongated canal is straight. The thin outer lip is entire. There is no umbilicus.^[4]

Species

Species within the genus Ficus include:

• † Ficus condita (Brongniart, 1823)
• Ficus dandrimonti Lorenz, 2012
• Ficus eospila (Péron & Lesueur, 1807)
• † Ficus ficoides (Brocchi, 1814)
• Ficus ficus Linnaeus, 1758^[5]
• Ficus filosa (Sowerby III, 1892)^[6]
• † Ficus geometra (Borson, 1825)
• Ficus gracilis (Sowerby I, 1825)
• † Ficus imperfecta P. Marshall & R. Murdoch, 1919
• † Ficus holmesii Conrad, 1867^[7]
• Ficus investigatoris (Smith, 1906)^[8]
• † Ficus pannus (Deshayes, 1864)
• Ficus papyratia (Say, 1822)^[9]
• † Ficus parva Suter, 1917
• † Ficus parvissima Harzhauser, Raven & Landau, 2018
• Ficus pellucida Deshayes, 1856^[10]
• † Ficus pilsbryi (Smith, 1907)
• † Ficus retinduta (de Gregorio, 1880)
• Ficus schneideri Morrison, 2016
• † Ficus subintermedia (d'Orbigny, 1852)
• Ficus variegata Röding, 1798^[11]
• Ficus ventricosa (Sowerby I, 1825)^[12]
• Ficus vosi H. Morrison, 2020

Species brought into synonymy

• Ficus atlanticus Clench & Aguayo, 1940  : synonym of Ficus pellucida Deshayes, 1856
• Ficus carolae Clench, 1945  : synonym of Ficus papyratia carolae Clench, 1945
• Ficus communis Röding, 1798 :^[13] synonym of Ficus ficus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Ficus ficoides (Lamarck, 1822)  : synonym of Ficus ficus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Ficus filosus (Sowerby III, 1892)  : synonym of Ficus filosa (Sowerby III, 1892)
• Ficus howelli Clench & Aguayo, 1940  : synonym of Ficus pellucida Deshayes, 1856
• Ficus lindae Petuch, 1988  : synonym of Ficus papyratia lindae Petuch, 1988
• Ficus margaretae Iredale, 1931  : synonym of Ficus ficus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Ficus pellucidus Deshayes, 1856 accepted as Ficus pellucida Deshayes, 1856
• Ficus subintermedius (d'Orbigny, 1852)  : synonym of Ficus subintermedia (d'Orbigny, 1852)
• Ficus tessellatus (Kobelt, 1881)  : synonym of Ficus eospila (Péron & Lesueur, 1807)
• Ficus variegatus Röding, 1798  : synonym of Ficus variegata Röding, 1798
• Ficus ventricosus (Sowerby I, 1825)  : synonym of Ficus ventricosa (Sowerby I, 1825)
• Ficus villai Petuch, 1998:^[14] synonym of Ficus papyratia villai Petuch, 1998

References

• Lamarck J.-B. (M. de) (1799). Prodrome d'une nouvelle classification des coquilles, comprenant une rédaction appropriée des caractères géneriques, et l'établissement d'un grand nombre de genres nouveaux. Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris 1: 63-91
• Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp
• Verhaeghe, M. & Poppe, G. T., 2000 A Conchological Iconography (3), The Family Ficidae
• Bouchet P., Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 61(1-2): 1-526; page(s): 107; note: type species fixation

1. Bolten (1798). Mus. Bolten. (2): 148.
2. Röding P. F. (1798). Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus Cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Fried. Bolten M. D. p. d. pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia et multivalvia. page(s): 148
3. WoRMS (2010). Ficus Röding, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=205605 on 2011-02-22
4. Tryon G. W. 1873. American marine conchology: or, Descriptions of the shells of the Atlantic coast of the United States from Maine to Florida
5. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Ficus ficus (Linnaeus, 1758)".
6. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Ficus filosa (G. B. Sowerby III, 1892)".
7. "Malacolog 4.1.1: Western Atlantic Mollusk Species Database at the Academy of Natural Sciences".
8. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Ficus investigatoris (E. A. Smith, 1894)".
9. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Ficus papyratia (Say, 1822)".
10. "Malacolog 4.1.1: Western Atlantic Mollusk Species Database at the Academy of Natural Sciences".
11. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Ficus variegata Röding, 1798".
12. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Ficus ventricosa (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825)".
13. "Malacolog 4.1.1: Western Atlantic Mollusk Species Database at the Academy of Natural Sciences".
14. "Malacolog 4.1.1: Western Atlantic Mollusk Species Database at the Academy of Natural Sciences".

External links

• Röding P. F. (1798). Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Fried. Bolten M. D. p. d. Pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia et multivalvia
• Montfort P. [Denys de]. (1808-1810). Conchyliologie systématique et classification méthodique des coquilles. Paris: Schoell. Vol. 1: pp. lxxxvii + 409 [1808]. Vol. 2: pp. 676 + 16