Faba bean necrotic yellows virus

Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) is a Nanovirus disease of legumes.^[1]

Faba bean necrotic yellows virus
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Monodnaviria
Kingdom:	Shotokuvirae
Phylum:	Cressdnaviricota
Class:	Arfiviricetes
Order:	Mulpavirales
Family:	Nanoviridae
Genus:	Nanovirus
Species:	Faba bean necrotic yellows virus

Range

Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen, Spain and Balearic Islands.^[1]

Genome

FBNYV is one of the circular Rep-encoding ssDNA viruses, and so shares the characteristics of circular genome, replication initiation by Rep proteins, ssDNA composition. Replication is presumed to occur through the rolling circle replication (RCR) process. Vega-Rocha et al. 2007 disclose the structure of the FBNYV Rep's HUH endonuclease domain.^[2]

Virulence factors

FBNYV produces the small protein Clink which binds to SKP1 and Prb proteins in plants. Timchenko et al. 2006 demonstrate that Clink is not necessary to produce symptoms in Vicia faba in laboratory conditions. However they do find it to be highly conserved, 98% of successfully infected plants testing positive for Clink DNA. Timchenko conclude it must be favourably selected in some way. They further speculate that in wild Vicia Clink may be required for infection because binding to SKP may be part of FBNYV's process of selective degradation of host proteins, and this may be necessary for infection of these crop wild relatives in a manner not necessary when attacking V. faba.^[3]

Vectors

FBNYV is vectored by Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis craccivora and Aphis fabae.^[1]

References

1. "Faba bean necrotic yellows virus". Invasive Species Compendium (ISC). CABI (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International). 2021-11-17. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
2. Chandler, Michael; de la Cruz, Fernando; Dyda, Fred; Hickman, Alison B.; Moncalian, Gabriel; Ton-Hoang, Bao (2013-07-08). "Breaking and joining single-stranded DNA: the HUH endonuclease superfamily". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 11 (8). Nature Portfolio: 525–538. doi:10.1038/nrmicro3067. ISSN 1740-1526. PMC 6493337. PMID 23832240.
3. Dreher, Kate; Callis, Judy (2007-05-01). "Ubiquitin, Hormones and Biotic Stress in Plants". Annals of Botany. 99 (5). Annals of Botany Company (OUP): 787–822. doi:10.1093/aob/mcl255. ISSN 0305-7364. PMC 2802907. PMID 17220175.