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The European Unit of Account (EUA) was a unit of account most notably used in the European Communities from 1975 to 1979, when it was replaced at parity by the European Currency Unit, in turn replaced at parity in 1999 by the euro.
The EUA was introduced as the internal unit of account for the European Payments Union when that organisation was formed in 1950. The EUA was defined as 0.888671 grams of gold, or one US dollar. The unit was first used outside the EPU in 1961, when Kredietbank Luxembourgeoise issued a bond denominated in EUA.[1] After the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, the EUA was redefined as a basket of European currencies.
The EUA was used for Lomé Convention and European Investment Bank operations before being gradually introduced into other sectors of Community activity.[2]
The EUA basket was designed to have the same value in mid-1974 as the IMF special drawing rights basket, both worth US$1.20635; they immediately moved apart in value. Different units of account had previously been used for different purposes, including the budget, the European Coal and Steel Community, and the Common Agriculture Policy[3] following the abandonment of the gold parity unit of account in the early 1970s in the wake of the collapse of the Bretton Woods system.[4]
Various European currency baskets were used as units of account in international bond markets. Some of these were defined in ISO 4217.ISO 4217 Standard definition:
- "Data Standards, ISO 4217 - Currency Code Maintenance: Get the Correct Currency Code". www.six-group.com. SIX Group. 2022-10-01.
- "List One: Currency, fund and precious metal codes" (XLS). www.six-group.com. SIX Group. 2022-09-23.
- "List Two: Fund codes registered with the Maintenance Agency" (XLS). www.six-group.com. SIX Group. 2018-08-29.
- "List Three: Codes for historic denominations of currencies and funds" (XLS). www.six-group.com. SIX Group. 2018-08-22.
- "Overview Amendments" (XLSX). www.six-group.com. SIX Group. 2022-09-23.
| European currency baskets and ISO 4217 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Alphabetic code | Numeric code | Era |
| European Composite Unit (EURCO) | XBA | 955 | Active |
| European Monetary Unit (E.M.U.-6) | XBB | 956 | Active |
| European Unit of Account 9 (E.U.A.-9) | XBC | 957 | Active |
| European Unit of Account 17 (E.U.A.-17) | XBD | 958 | Active |
| European Unit of Account (EUA) | — | 1975–1978 | |
| European Currency Unit (ECU) | XEU | 954 | 1978–1981 |
| Euro | EUR | 978 | 1998– |
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