Esk Valley line

54.579°N 1.235°W / 54.579; -1.235

Esk Valley Line
156451 between Ruswarp and Whitby
Overview
Status	Operational
Owner	National Rail
Locale	North Yorkshire Teesside
Termini	Middlesbrough Whitby
Stations	17
Service
Type	Heavy rail
System	National Rail
Operator(s)	Northern Trains
Rolling stock	Class 156 Class 158
History
Opened	From 1835
Technical
Line length	35 miles (56 km)[1]
Track gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Route map (Click to expand)

v t e Esk Valley line
Legend
Tees Valley line to Thornaby Middlesbrough Tees Valley line to Saltburn James Cook Marton Gypsy Lane Nunthorpe Middlesbrough and Guisborough Railway Great Ayton Picton–Battersby line Rosedale Railway Battersby Kildale Commondale Castleton Moor Danby Lealholm Glaisdale Egton North Yorkshire Moors Railway Grosmont Sleights Ruswarp Whitby, Redcar and Middlesbrough Union Railway Whitby West Cliff Whitby Larpool Viaduct Scarborough and Whitby Railway

The Esk Valley Line is a railway line located in the north of England, covering a total distance of approximately 35 miles (56 km),^[2] running from Middlesbrough to Whitby. The line follows the course of the River Esk for much of its eastern half.

The Esk Valley Line was designated as a community rail line in July 2005, being one of seven intended pilots for the Department for Transport's Community Rail Development Strategy.

Northern Trains call at all stations along the line with the North Yorkshire Moors Railway operating heritage services along part of the line between Grosmont and Whitby.

Services

As of the December 2019 timetable change, Northern Trains run an hourly service between Middlesbrough and Nunthorpe, with 6 trains (4 trains on Sundays) per day continuing to Whitby.

Additional trains weekdays and Saturdays run on the Esk Valley Line from Middlesbrough to Castleton Moor (departing from Middlesbrough at 12:56), and Battersby (departing from Middlesbrough at 17:00).^[3]

Predominantly, rolling stock on the Esk Valley Line consists of Class 156 and Class 158 diesel multiple units, both of which were introduced in to service in the late 1980s. Previously, Class 142 'Pacer' trains mostly served the line until they were withdrawn from passenger service in 2020.^[4]

The Class 156 and 158 units operating on the Esk Valley Line are currently in the process of being refurbished, with upgrades including free WiFi, power sockets, on-board passenger information displays, and an interior refresh.^[5][6]

The Esk Valley Line is one of the most rural railway lines in England, with the main purpose of linking Whitby and the North York Moors with Middlesbrough.

Connections with heritage services running on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway are available at both Grosmont and Whitby.^[7]

The route serves the following stations: Middlesbrough, James Cook, Marton, Gypsy Lane, Nunthorpe, Great Ayton, Battersby, Kildale, Commondale, Castleton Moor, Danby, Lealholm, Glaisdale, Egton, Grosmont, Sleights, Ruswarp and Whitby.

History

The pre-Beeching railway network across the North York Moors.

The Esk Valley Line was once part of a significantly larger network, most of which was closed during the era of the Beeching cuts. Today's route is formed from four separate former railway lines:

Whitby Town to Grosmont

The first section of line between Whitby Town and Grosmont opened in 1835, with an extension to Pickering opening on 26 May 1836.^[8]

It was originally worked by horses, before being converted in 1845, in order to be able to accommodate steam locomotives, following a takeover by the York & North Midland Railway. In 1854, the line became a part of the North Eastern Railway.

The section between Grosmont and Pickering was closed under the Beeching cuts in 1965, but was one of the first to be taken into private hands as a heritage line, the North Yorkshire Moors Railway.

From Whitby Town, a single track branched up a steep incline to Prospect Hill Junction, from which trains could reach Whitby West Cliff.

At West Cliff, trains would journey north along the coastal Whitby, Redcar & Middlesbrough Union Railway towards Staithes and Loftus, and south across the Larpool Viaduct towards Scarborough.

The Whitby, Redcar and Middlesbrough Union Railway was closed in the 1950s. However, the northern section of the line was retained, with services still operating between Middlesbrough and Saltburn.

Between Saltburn and Boulby, the line is also still operational, but as a goods route for potash and rock salt from Boulby Mine.

Following the closure of the Whitby, Redcar & Middlesbrough Union Railway, additional services began to operate along the Esk Valley Line. In the summer of 1957, the line served just 6 trains per day. By the summer of 1958, there were 15 (with 6 continuing to Scarborough).^[9]

Grosmont to Battersby

The second line ran east from Picton, where it met the Northallerton to Eaglescliffe Line. It was constructed by the North Yorkshire & Cleveland Railway, which was subsequently absorbed into the North Eastern Railway in 1858.

The line was built in stages, opening to mineral traffic as far as Battersby on 6 April 1858, and to passenger traffic from Stokesley to Castleton Moor on 1 April 1861. The section between Grosmont and Castleton Moor was the last section of the line to be opened, with service commencing on 2 October 1865.

The section between Battersby and Picton closed to passengers in 1954.^[10]

From Battersby, goods trains also ran south to Ingleby where a cable pulley system raised wagons up a steep incline, and across the North York Moors to iron ore workings at Rosedale and Farndale.

Between Glaisdale and Lealholm, work was begun by the railway engineer John Waddell on a branch across the North York Moors, to make the most of the iron ore in the area. Originally intended to meet the line from Guisborough, which branched off the Whitby, Redcar & Middlesbrough Union Railway near Boulby, a collapse in the price of iron ore meant the line was never finished.

At various points along the route, the remains of vast earthworks forming unfinished embankments and cuttings can be seen. The line was to have one station at Stonegate, and nearby a tunnel dug using the "cut and cover" method. The only bridge completed on the line is at Rake Farm, between Lealholm and Glaisdale, at the route's junction with the Esk Valley Line.

The line is still known today as "Paddy Waddell's Railway", due to the number of Irish navvies used in its construction.

Today, Battersby serves just only one railway line, but it still takes the shape of a "Y" junction, with trains pulling into a station that is now effectively a terminus. The old line towards Picton continues on through the station, and disappears around a bend before ending. The driver has to change ends to drive towards either Middlesbrough or Whitby.

Battersby to Nunthorpe

The section of the Esk Valley Line between Battersby and Nunthorpe is the youngest section of the route. The line was constructed in 1864, with the aim of connecting the Picton to Grosmont line with the Middlesbrough to Guisborough line.

The line leaves Battersby heading east with the route towards Grosmont, before making a sharp turn north, to reach the now former line towards Guisborough at Nunthorpe Junction.

Nunthorpe to Middlesbrough

A local train running from Darlington to Saltburn, seen at Guisborough Junction in 1954

This section of line was constructed by the Middlesbrough & Guisborough Railway in 1854, to serve the town of Guisborough, and the area around the Eston Hills.

The Esk Valley Line, near the James Cook railway station in Middlesbrough.

A line was constructed heading south from Middlesbrough, and through Nunthorpe, from where it curved east to Guisborough, and then on towards the coast to join the Whitby, Redcar & Middlesbrough Union Railway. It also served a number of quarries in the area.

Despite its close proximity to the Picton to Battersby line, it was another 10 years before a link was built between the two. The line from Nunthorpe Junction to Guisborough closed in 1964, with only the section from Middlesbrough to Battersby remaining.

A new station, James Cook, opened on this section of the line in May 2014. It was built to serve the nearby James Cook University Hospital in Middlesbrough.^[11]

Signalling and infrastructure

The Esk Valley Line still uses a physical token system, modified so that train drivers operate the token instruments themselves. This system of working is known as No Signalman Token Remote, and is used on other routes such as the Heart of Wales line, and the Tarka Line.

Cabinets at Whitby, Glaisdale and Battersby, and a signalman at Nunthorpe pass on key tokens to train drivers as authority to occupy specific line sections, ensuring that only one train can run on a section at a time.

Until the mid-1980s, the line from Whitby to Sleights had two tracks, but these were removed along with the passing loop at Castleton Moor. Trains can still pass at Glaisdale and Battersby, however Glaisdale is now the only station along the single track section that still regularly uses both platforms for "up" and "down" line trains.

Between Nunthorpe and Guisborough Junction, the railway has been single track since 26 January 1986, although the station at Nunthorpe still retains its passing loop with separate "up" and "down" platforms. This section is worked from the panel box at Middlesbrough, and uses track circuit block working.^[12]

Steam operations

The North Yorkshire Moors Railway operates heritage steam trains between Whitby and Grosmont.

To allow through running of trains directly from the North Yorkshire Moors Line, an intermediate token instrument was provided at Grosmont in March 2007. This allows a token for the Glaisdale to Whitby section to be obtained, or returned, at Grosmont.

Previously, for steam services to Whitby to operate along the Esk Valley Line from the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, a signalman had to drive to Glaisdale in order to pick up, or return, a token key.

Usage

Between 2005 (when the Community Rail Partnership was formed) and May 2018, passenger numbers have increased steadily, especially on the Middlesbrough to Nunthorpe section of the track aided by an increase in the frequency of trains. Northern and the Community Rail Partnership have predicted further increases in passenger numbers, following the addition of new services in December 2019.^[13]

Station Usage

Station usage (April–March)[14]	Middlesbrough	James Cook	Marton	Gypsy Lane	Nunthorpe	Great Ayton	Battersby	Kildale	Commondale	Castleton Moor	Danby	Lealholm	Glaisdale	Egton	Grosmont	Sleights	Ruswarp	Whitby
2005-06	1,200,737	-	3,076	11,412	12,406	4,405	1,653	1,664	2,976	7,174	21,899	16,688	26,887	13,546	18,675	3,733	2,585	132,956
2006-07	1,242,054	-	3,833	12,020	13,747	4,738	1,711	2,160	2,959	6,062	18,760	15,706	26,355	11,292	18,264	3,480	2,301	127,428
2007-08	1,300,713	-	4,825	12,820	16,775	5,666	2,028	2,486	2,974	5,613	12,560	13,044	22,276	10,798	24,273	3,976	2,696	127,739
2008-09	1,349,420	-	6,894	18,430	23,208	5,650	1,806	2,308	3,142	5,172	9,710	15,554	20,284	12,414	19,718	3,884	3,054	120,594
2009-10	1,354,030	-	8,750	20,234	23,828	6,134	2,012	2,006	2,858	5,544	11,370	16,242	18,686	11,110	22,048	4,334	2,606	126,240
2010-11	1,426,350	-	9,804	23,566	24,914	6,798	1,476	1,992	3,972	5,164	10,878	17,972	21,222	9,430	22,964	4,292	2,722	133,940
2011-12	1,423,134	-	9,130	22,692	22,302	6,904	1,504	2,018	5,000	5,030	11,622	20,010	18,564	10,562	23,662	4,592	2,974	140,158
2012-13	1,364,250	-	9,862	21,900	22,600	5,738	1,574	1,822	4,852	4,850	9,902	11,422	11,194	7,388	16,376	4,378	2,946	107,940
2013-14	1,370,172	-	10,576	23,716	24,203	6,826	1,592	1,960	5,026	4,892	10,836	17,662	15,216	11,568	17,912	4,426	3,032	133,680
2014-15	1,351,494	23,176	10,568	26,398	32,510	7,776	1,488	1,824	4,602	4,858	8,440	15,888	15,046	10,812	16,144	5,040	3,228	130,210
2015-16	1,331,452	31,578	13,512	30,338	35,766	7,100	1,458	1,610	5,232	4,930	7,084	18,102	18,754	13,724	15,172	4,122	2,966	137,196
2016-17	1,356,282	31,402	13,696	32,996	35,814	6,890	1,660	1,416	3,754	5,444	6,334	17,358	18,298	12,088	13,514	4,188	2,568	131,810
2017-18	1,312,916	33,774	13,356	33,298	34,596	7,322	1,564	1,630	1,888	6,182	6,810	16,298	20,140	12,878	13,912	4,245	2,686	138,492
2018-19	1,289,866	37,080	14,774	31,204	36,346	7,726	1,520	1,468	2,344	4,928	6,184	15,250	23,316	11,698	12,390	4,182	2,404	130,900
2019-20	1,312,402	40,226	25,808	37,046	44,576	8,614	1,760	1,498	2,444	5,014	6,796	15,168	20,920	13,206	13,912	4,732	3,064	135,238
2020-21	342,770	9,280	5,294	6,982	7,618	2,064	396	386	434	1,258	1,132	8,726	16,396	6,166	4,420	1,038	684	49,828
2021-22	1,210,906	26,744	19,638	30,056	35,758	8,662	2,736	1,276	2,446	4,732	4,400	8,834	18,194	10,240	11,454	4,696	3,054	119,638
2022-23	1,376,410	37,120	22,178	31,626	42,306	10,118	2,164	1,372	2,294	4,794	5,596	8,010	18,858	8,642	11,284	5,048	2,952	126,366
2023-24	1,466,884 6.6%	52,370 41.1%	30,386 37.0%	38,398 21.4%	54,080 27.8%	12,360 22.2%	2,268 4.8%	1,450 5.7%	2,224 3.1%	5,756 20.1%	7,414 32.5%	8,598 7.3%	19,178 1.7%	10,554 22.1%	12,374 9.7%	6,844 35.6%	4,002 35.6%	143,408 13.5%

The annual passenger usage is based on sales of tickets in stated financial years from Office of Rail and Road estimates of station usage.^[15]

The statistics are for passengers arriving and departing from each station and cover twelve-month periods that start in April. Methodology may vary year on year. Usage from the 2020-21 period was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Note: James Cook railway station opened on 18 May 2014.^[16]

Future

A proposed park and ride station, located between Nunthorpe and Great Ayton, has been suggested by a joint project of local councils. The Roseberry Parkway station would aim to serve over 70,000 people, and seek to encourage car drivers out of their cars to alleviate the gridlock on the roads leading into Middlesbrough.

The project aims to increase services into Middlesbrough to half-hourly, and double the number of trains on the Esk Valley Line to Whitby.^[17]

Following the December 2019 timetable change, Arriva Rail North introduced two additional return trips on the line on weekdays and Saturdays. The first of these operates in the morning, to allow commuting from Whitby to Middlesbrough, with the second providing a later evening service.^[18]