Eshpum

Eshpum (𒀹𒅗 esh18-pum, formerly read Geba) was Akkadian Governor of Elam around 2269–2255 BCE. He was a vassal of the Akkadian Empire ruler Manishtushu.^[2]

Eshpum 𒀹𒅗
Governor of Elam
Archaic Mesopotamian statue of an orant dated to c. 2700 BCE, rededicated by Eshpum, governor de Susa and vassal the king of Akkad, Manishtusu (2275–2260 BCE), to Elamite goddess Narundi. Found in Susa. Louvre Museum, Sb 82.[1]
Reign	c. 2269–2255 BCE
Predecessor	Luh-ishan (Awan Dynasty)
Successor	Epirmupi
Dynasty	Akkadian Governor of Elam

Susa

Luh-isha ruled from Susa in Elam

While Eshpum was in charge of Elam, another Governor of Manistushu named Ilshu-rabi was in charge of Pashime, in the coastal area.^[3]

Votive statue

An archaic statue of an orant is known, which was re-dedicated about 500 years later by Eshpum.^[4] It reads:

Eshpum votive statue inscription

𒈠𒀭𒅖𒌅𒋢 / 𒈗 / 𒆧 / 𒀹𒅗 / 𒀵𒋢 / 𒀀𒈾 / 𒀭𒈾𒊒𒋾 / 𒀀𒈬𒈾𒊒

"ma-an-isz-tu-su / lugal / kish / esh18-pum / ARAD2-su / a-na / {d}na-ru-ti / a mu-na-ru
For Manishtushu king of Kish, Eshpum his servant, dedicated this statue to Narundi"

— Inscription of Eshpum on the statue of the orant. Louvre Museum Sb 82.^[5][6][7]

• 
  Archaic votive statue (circa 2700 BCE) dedicated by Eshpum, with his inscription in the back
• 
  Detail of the statue.

Seal inscriptions

"Eshpum, Governor of Elam"

Another inscription of Eshpum is known, which reads "Eshpum, Governor of Elam" (𒀹𒅗 𒑐𒋼𒋛 𒉏𒈠𒆠 esz18-pum ensi2 elam{ki}).^[8]

• 
  Seal impression with inscription "Eshpum Governor of Elam" (𒀹𒅗 𒑐𒋼𒋛 𒉏𒈠𒆠 esz18-pum ensi2 elam{ki}). Louvre Museum, Sb 6675.^[9]
• 
  Detail of the seal impression with inscription "Eshpum Governor of Elam" (𒀹𒅗 𒑐𒋼𒋛 𒉏𒈠𒆠 esz18-pum ensi2 elam{ki}). Louvre Museum, Sb 6675.^[10]
• 
  Seal of Eshpum
• 
  Seal impression, with inscription "Eshpum, Governor of Elam" (Eshpum Ensi Nim-ki)^[11][12][13]

"Egigi, servant of Eshpum"

A seal only known from fragments, was made in the name of "Egigi, the fortune teller, servant of Eshpum".^[14][15]

• 
  "Egigi the fortune teller, servant of Eshpum".^[16]
• 
  "Egigi the fortune teller, servant of Eshpum".^[17][18]
• 
  Egigi the fortune teller, servant of Eshpum (fragments).^[19]

References

1. "Sb 82 Louvre Museum". Archived from the original on 2020-06-03. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
2. Álvarez-Mon, Javier (2020). The Art of Elam CA. 4200–525 BC. Routledge. p. 209. ISBN 978-1-000-03485-1.
3. Potts, D. T. (1999). The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. Cambridge University Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-521-56496-0.
4. Álvarez-Mon, Javier (2020). The Art of Elam CA. 4200–525 BC. Routledge. p. 148. ISBN 978-1-000-03485-1.
5. "CDLI-Archival View". cdli.ucla.edu.
6. "Sb 82 Louvre Museum". Archived from the original on 2020-06-03. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
7. Mémoires. Paris P. Geuthner. 1899. p. 10.
8. "CDLI-Found Texts". cdli.ucla.edu.
9. "Site officiel du musée du Louvre". cartelfr.louvre.fr.
10. "Site officiel du musée du Louvre". cartelfr.louvre.fr.
11. "CDLI-Found Texts". cdli.ucla.edu.
12. Mémoires. Paris P. Geuthner. 1899. p. 4.
13. Álvarez-Mon, Javier (2020). The Art of Elam CA. 4200–525 BC. Routledge. p. 209. ISBN 978-1-000-03485-1.
14. "Les sceaux de l'administration princiere de Suse". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
15. Delaporte, Louis-Joseph (1874-1944) Auteur du texte (1920). Catalogue des cylindres, cachets et pierres gravées de style oriental : Musée du Louvre. Fouilles et missions / par Louis Delaporte ; avec le concours de M. Fr. Thureau-Dangin pour la partie épigraphique.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
16. "Les sceaux de l'administration princiere de Suse". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
17. "Les sceaux de l'administration princiere de Suse". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
18. Delaporte, Louis-Joseph (1874-1944) Auteur du texte (1920). Catalogue des cylindres, cachets et pierres gravées de style oriental : Musée du Louvre. Fouilles et missions / par Louis Delaporte ; avec le concours de M. Fr. Thureau-Dangin pour la partie épigraphique.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
19. Delaporte, Louis-Joseph (1874-1944) Auteur du texte (1920). Catalogue des cylindres, cachets et pierres gravées de style oriental : Musée du Louvre. Fouilles et missions / par Louis Delaporte ; avec le concours de M. Fr. Thureau-Dangin pour la partie épigraphique.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Preceded by Luh-ishan (Awan Dynasty)	Akkadian Governor of Elam 2300 BCE	Succeeded by Epirmupi