Ernst Kals

Ernst Kals (2 August 1905 – 2 November 1979) was a Kapitän zur See with the Kriegsmarine during World War II. He commanded the Type IXC U-boat U-130 on five patrols. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

Ernst Kals
Ernst Kals
Born	(1905-08-02)2 August 1905 Glauchau, Saxony, German Empire
Died	2 November 1979(1979-11-02) (aged 74) Emden, West Germany
Allegiance	Weimar Republic (1924-1933)  Nazi Germany (1933-1945)
Service / branch	Reichsmarine  Kriegsmarine
Years of service	1924–45
Rank	Kapitän zur See
Unit	Braunschweig SSS Niobe Berlin Schlesien torpedo boat Luchs cruiser Köln cruiser Emden cruiser Admiral Scheer cruiser Leipzig U-37
Commands	U-130 2nd U-boat Flotilla
Battles / wars	World War II Battle of the Atlantic Battle of the Caribbean Operation Torch Bombardment of Curaçao Battle of Casablanca
Awards	Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Career

Kals joined the Reichsmarine in 1924. In October 1940, after a period of service on torpedo boats and light cruisers, he transferred to the Ubootwaffe ("U-boat force"). After one patrol on U-37 under the command of Nicolai Clausen as commander in training, he took command of U-130 in June 1941. He was awarded the Knight's Cross in September 1941.^[1]

In April 1942, Kals, in U-130, bombarded the Allied petroleum tank farm on Curaçao, in the Netherlands Antilles. He went on to sink a total of 20 ships on five patrols, for a total of 145,656 tons of Allied shipping. In five minutes he sank three United States troopships, the Edward Rutledge, Hugh L. Scott and Tasker H. Bliss.^[1]

In January 1943 Kals became commander of the 2nd U-boat Flotilla, based in Lorient, France. Promoted to Kapitän zur See in September 1944, he remained in this position until the end of the war.^[1]

Later life

Kals was held in French captivity from May 1945 to January 1948. He died at Emden in 1979 at the age of 74.^[1]

Awards

• Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (18 December 1939) & 1st Class (18 December 1941)^[2]
• U-boat War Badge (1939) (18 December 1941)^[2]
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 1 September 1942 as Korvettenkapitän and commander of U-130^[3]
• War Merit Cross 2nd Class with Swords (30 January 1944)^[2]

References

Notes

1. "Kapitän zur See Ernst Kals". uboat.net. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
2. Busch & Röll 2003, p. 255.
3. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 250.

Bibliography

• Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (2003). Der U-Boot-Krieg 1939–1945 — Die Ritterkreuzträger der U-Boot-Waffe von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [The U-Boat War 1939–1945 — The Knight's Cross Bearers of the U-Boat Force from September 1939 to May 1945] (in German). Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn Germany: Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn. ISBN 978-3-8132-0515-2.
• Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
• Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.

Military offices
Preceded by Korvettenkapitän Viktor Schütze	Commander of 2nd U-boat Flotilla January, 1943 – October, 1944	Succeeded by disbanded