Environment of Ecuador

The Environment of Ecuador contains almost 20,000 species of plants, 1,500 species of birds, 341 species of mammals and more than 840 species of reptiles and amphibians.^[1] It includes World Heritage Sites like the Galápagos Islands, and magnificent parks such as the Yasuni National Park.

Straddled across the Andes on the most westerly point of South America, Ecuador is about half size of France (271,000 sq.km/103,000 sq. Miles) making the smallest of the Andean countries.

The Andean mountain chain divides the country into three distinct regions: the coastal plain known as the costa, the Andean mountains, or sierra, and the Amazon jungle, or oriente. The fourth region the Galápagos Islands, a group of volcanic islands situated in the Pacific Ocean some 1,000km (620 miles) due west of the mainland. The striking geographical and cultural contrasts between these regions in one small country are what make Ecuador such a fascinating place to visit.

‘’avenue of the volcanoes’’ Was coined by the German explorer Alexander von Humboldt.

Damage to the environment

Oil pollution in the Lago Agrio oil field

Mining in Ecuador has come at a great environmental cost, though it has provided some financial revenue. Logging and oil exploitation are other major problems. In 2007, president Correa proposed the Yasuní-ITT Initiative so as to allow preserving the Yasuni national park, while still allowing to generate revenue for the country.

Environmental performance

In the Yale University and Columbia University 10 Environmental Performance Index, Ecuador was ranked 30 in the world,^[2] ahead of some rich countries.

Ecuador had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 7.66/10, ranking it 35th globally out of 172 countries.^[3]

See also

• Water supply and sanitation in Ecuador
• Chevron Corporation § Environmental damage in Ecuador

References

1. "Ecuador: Environmental Profile". Mongabay. Retrieved 2022-07-29.
2. "Environmental Performance Index 2010: Ecuador". archive.ph. 2010-02-08. Archived from the original on 2010-02-08. Retrieved 2022-07-29.
3. Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.