Enoplia

The Enoplia are a subclass of nematodes in the class Enoplea.

Enoplia
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Nematoda
Class:	Enoplea
Subclass:	Enoplia Pearse, 1942
Orders
Enoplida Trefusiida Triplonchida

Description

Enoplians are characterized by amphids shaped like ovals, stirrups, or pouches. Their bodies are smooth, without rings or lines. The esophagus is cylindrical and glandular.^[1]

Taxonomy

Lorenzen described two orders, Enoplida and Trefusiida, in the 1980s based on morphology. With the advent of phylogenetic analysis, a reorganisation has been necessary, moving the Triplonchida here to create three orders and expanding it.^{[1][2] [3]}

The orders are distinguished mainly by habitat type.^[4][3]

• Enoplida Filipjev, 1929 – nematodes of marine and brackish water habitat, carnivorous or feed on diatoms and other algaes
• Triplonchida Cobb, 1920 – terrestrial nematodes, including some plant parasites
• Trefusiida Lorenzen, 1981

Phylogeny

Enoplia is regarded as the earliest nematode branch, according to recent phylogenetic analysis.^[5] Enoplia is mentioned as a sister clade to Dorylaima and Chromadoria.^[5][6]

References

1. Subclass Enoplia. Archived 2013-10-10 at the Wayback Machine Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version July 26, 2012.
2. Phylum Nematoda. Nematode Classification. Department of Nematology. University of California, Riverside.
3. Lee 2010.
4. Bik, H. M.; et al. (2010). "Moving towards a complete molecular framework of the Nematoda: a focus on the Enoplida and early-branching clades". BMC Evol. Biol. 10 (1): 353. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..353B. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-353. PMC 2995457. PMID 21073704.
5. Ahmed, Mohammed; Roberts, Nickellaus G.; Adediran, Funmilola; Smythe, Ashleigh B.; Kocot, Kevin M.; Holovachov, Oleksandr (2022). "Phylogenomic Analysis of the Phylum Nematoda: Conflicts and Congruences With Morphology, 18S rRNA, and Mitogenomes". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 9. doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.769565. ISSN 2296-701X.
6. Holterman, Martijn; van der Wurff, Andre; van den Elsen, Sven; van Megen, Hanny; Bongers, Tom; Holovachov, Oleksandr; Bakker, Jaap; Helder, Johannes (June 21, 2006). "Phylum-Wide Analysis of SSU rDNA Reveals Deep Phylogenetic Relationships among Nematodes and Accelerated Evolution toward Crown Clades". Molecular Biology and Evolution. pp. 1792–1800. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl044. PMID 16790472. Retrieved 2024-02-15.

Bibliography

• Blaxter, Mark L.; De Ley, Paul; Garey, James R.; Liu, Leo X.; Scheldeman, Patsy; Vierstraete, Andy; Vanfleteren, Jacques R.; Mackey, Laura Y.; Dorris, Mark; Frisse, Linda M.; Vida, J. T.; Thomas, W. Kelley (5 March 1998). "A molecular evolutionary framework for the phylum Nematoda". Nature. 392 (6671): 71–75. Bibcode:1998Natur.392...71B. doi:10.1038/32160. PMID 9510248. S2CID 4301939.
• Lee, Donald L, ed. (2010). The biology of nematodes. London: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0415272117. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
• De Ley, P & Blaxter, M 2004, 'A new system for Nematoda: combining morphological characters with molecular trees, and translating clades into ranks and taxa'. in R Cook & DJ Hunt (eds), Nematology Monographs and Perspectives. vol. 2, E.J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 633–653.