Engkanto
Philippine mythological figures From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Engkanto (from Spanish encanto, lit. 'enchantment') are mythical environmental spirits that are said to have the ability to appear in human form.[1] They are often associated with the spirits of ancestors and spirits of the dead called anito in the Philippines.[2][3][4] They are also characterized as spirit sorts like sirens, dark beings, elves, and more.[5] Belief in their existence has likely existed for centuries,[4] and continues to this day.[6]
| Engkanto | |
|---|---|
| |
| Gender | Male/female |
| Region | Philippines |
It is a bracket term for enchanted human-like beings of the land which includes a variety of mythical races. The term itself was adopted from the Spanish, who were dumbfounded by the wide array of mythical races in the Philippines and just referred to many of the races as "enchanted".[7] Though at the same time the term does not differ at all from the archaic Spanish sense of the word as referring to a supernatural apparition, sometimes tied to a place.
Some types of Engkanto are the "unbound" spirits which have independent existence. They appear in animal (usually as birds) or human-like forms, have gender differentiation, and have personal names. They are most similar to the elves of European folklore. These are the most common types of spirits to become abyan (spirit guides of babaylan), as they are the most "sociable" and can take interest in human activities. These spirits are usually referred to as engkanto (from Spanish encanto) in modern Filipino folklore. Unlike the "bound" spirits, these spirits can be invited into human households, and their rituals can take place both outdoors and indoors[8]
Engkanto are also believed to be able to mate with humans. People born with congenital disorders (like albinism or syndactyly)[9] or display unusual beauty or behavior are commonly believed by local superstition to be the children of Engkantos who seduced (or sometimes raped) their mothers[10][11]
Appearance
Summarize
Perspective
Engkanto have many similarities to humans in that they age, appear to have male and female sexes, can suffer from illness and indeed even die. They are an object of mythology for many Filipinos, often told by adults as stories and shown on media. They have different appearances. Some appear to be beautiful having blue eyes, fair complexion and golden hair.[4] They may however have unusual features such as high-bridged noses and lack of philtrum. They have a wide range of appearances but one common fact of a different feeling or vibe than humans.[5] Other variants exhibit sexual dimorphism such as Bagobo spirits which are separated into the female tahamaling and the male mahomanay. The female spirit is alleged to have red complexion while the male have a fair complexion.[5] Their dwellings will normally appear as natural features, for example large rocks or trees, or shadows in human form; although to humans they have befriended they can appear as magnificent palaces.[4] These creatures prefer large trees and nature such as the balete in which they also place their belongings.[5] An engkanto may choose to stay by a human's side as told by stories where characters are usually in either a sense of trance or a deep loss of energy. Engkanto may be good or bad. Some Engkanto are called "itim na engkanto"(black engkanto) depicted as malevolent, violent dark skinned figures that stalk and harass and inflict harm to humans they fancy and pursue romantically
Capabilities
Engkanto are most commonly known for either extreme malignant effects, or an overwhelming influence of luck. Those the Engkanto do not favor had become depressed, suffered from madness, or even disappeared for days or months, possibly as a result of the human possession.[4][12] They are also said to be capable of causing fevers and skin diseases such as boils. These spirits also sometimes lead travelers astray in the forest, even kidnap them. This, however, is said to be avoidable by bringing an "Anting-anting" or "Agimat" a piece of magical charm or amulet that wards away evil spirits and prevents them from harming the wielder.[3] However, if they do favor someone they are generous and capable of bringing power and riches to that person. Shaman often try to commune with Engkanto on holy days to obtain better healing powers from them, as well as learning how to better deal with evil spirits.[4]
Study
Francisco Demetrio made a study of 87 folk stories from Visayas and Mindanao relating to Engkanto. He contended the Engkanto were based on early European friars.[2][4]
Equivalents in non-Filipino traditions
Summarize
Perspective
The Engkanto of Philippine mythology highly resembles or resonates with the Elf or Elves of Europe, Elves are magical, human-like beings from Germanic folklore, especially common in Norse mythology. In early stories, they were seen as beautiful and powerful—sometimes helpful, sometimes harmful. The word elf likely meant “white being,” and beliefs about them varied across time and cultures.[13][14]In medieval times, elves were linked to gods, magic, illness, and seduction. Later, the word fell out of use in some areas, replaced by terms like “dwarf” or “fairy,” but belief in elves lasted longer in places like Scotland and Scandinavia.[13][15]In Central Europe and Scandinavia as society modernized, belief in elves faded. However, they became popular in literature and art, evolving into small, playful creatures, especially in Shakespeare’s plays. Romantic-era writers revived the idea, which led to the elves we see today in fantasy stories and Christmas tales. [16]Thanks to J.R.R. Tolkien, modern fantasy often portrays elves as tall, graceful, and magical beings.[16][17][18]
Jinn are supernatural beings in Arabian and Islamic mythology, made from smokeless fire. Jinn can be good or bad, invisible to humans, and are believed to have free will, like people.[19] They can influence human thoughts, actions, or even possess people. Highly similar to engkanto are mysterious spirit-beings known for their beauty, magical abilities, and their power to enchant, possess, or bring illness to humans. The jinn, elves, and engkanto share common traits: they exist in a realm beyond human perception, interact with the human world in unpredictable ways, and are both feared and revered.[20][21]
Orang bunian are supernatural beings from Malaysian, Bruneian, and Indonesian folklore, often compared to elves. Their name means "hidden people" or "whistling people," and they are usually invisible to humans, except to those with spiritual sensitivity. They look almost exactly like humans, often dressed in traditional ancient Southeast Asian clothing.[22]Like the engkanto in Philippine mythology, orang bunian live in a hidden realm parallel to ours and can interact with people in mysterious ways. Both are believed to be beautiful, powerful beings who can either help or harm, much like the elves of European folklore or the jinn of Arabian tradition.[23][20]
In Māori culture, Patupaiarehe are beings similar to Philippine Engkanto and European elves and fairies.[24] Patupaiarehe are supernatural beings in Māori mythology, often described as pale-skinned with red or blonde hair. They look human but live in misty forests or mountains, away from people. Sunlight harms them, so they’re active mostly at night or on foggy days. They dislike fire and cooked food, and their music is said to be more beautiful than human music.[25][26]Like the pale skinned engkantos of Philippine mythology, patupaiarehe are spirit-like beings who live in hidden places, can be seen by only a few, and may react negatively if disturbed. Both are part of a larger pattern of mysterious, magical beings that live alongside humans but remain unseen.[1][9][25]
Yakshas in Hinduism and Engkantos in Philippine folklore are both nature spirits with complex, dual natures, sometimes benevolent, sometimes malevolent. Yakshas, found in Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain traditions, are associated with forests, rivers, and hidden treasures, and can be protectors or tricksters. Similarly, Engkantos are spirits tied to nature, often living in trees or remote areas, and are believed to bless or curse humans depending on how they’re treated. While Yakshas have a more structured presence in religious texts, Engkantos come from oral folk traditions.[27][28]
In popular culture
The Engkanto has been the subject of Philippine pop culture media, particularly in films and television shows include:
- Spirit Warriors: The Shortcut (2003)[29]
- The Shake, Rattle & Roll film series: Shake, Rattle and Roll 9 (2007),[30] Shake, Rattle & Roll X (2008),[31] and Shake, Rattle and Roll 12 (2010)[32]
- Luna Mystika (2008–2009)[33][34]
- T2 (2009)[35]
- Ang Panday (2017)[36]
See also
References
Wikiwand - on
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.