Energy density Extended Reference Table

This is an extended version of the energy density table from the main Energy density page:

Energy densities table

Storage type	Specific energy (MJ/kg)	Energy density (MJ/L)	Peak recovery efficiency %	Practical recovery efficiency %
Arbitrary Antimatter	89,875,517,874	depends on density
Deuterium–tritium fusion	576,000,000[1]
Uranium-235 fissile isotope	144,000,000[1]	1,500,000,000
Natural uranium (99.3% U-238, 0.7% U-235) in fast breeder reactor	86,000,000
Reactor-grade uranium (3.5% U-235) in light-water reactor	3,456,000			35%
Pu-238 α-decay	2,200,000
Hf-178m2 isomer	1,326,000	17,649,060
Natural uranium (0.7% U235) in light-water reactor	443,000			35%
Ta-180m isomer	41,340	689,964
Metallic hydrogen (recombination energy)	216[2]
Specific orbital energy of Low Earth orbit (approximate)	33.0
Beryllium + Oxygen	23.9[3]
Lithium + Fluorine	23.75[citation needed]
Octaazacubane potential explosive	22.9[4]
Hydrogen + Oxygen	13.4[5]
Gasoline + Oxygen –> Derived from Gasoline	13.3[citation needed]
Dinitroacetylene explosive - computed[citation needed]	9.8
Octanitrocubane explosive	8.5[6]	16.9[7]
Tetranitrotetrahedrane explosive - computed[citation needed]	8.3
Heptanitrocubane explosive - computed[citation needed]	8.2
Sodium (reacted with chlorine)[citation needed]	7.0349
Hexanitrobenzene explosive	7[8]
Tetranitrocubane explosive - computed[citation needed]	6.95
Ammonal (Al+NH4NO3 oxidizer)[citation needed]	6.9	12.7
Tetranitromethane + hydrazine bipropellant - computed[citation needed]	6.6
Nitroglycerin	6.38[9]	10.2[10]
ANFO-ANNM[citation needed]	6.26
battery, Lithium–air	6.12
Octogen (HMX)	5.7[9]	10.8[11]
TNT[12]	4.610	6.92
Copper Thermite (Al + CuO as oxidizer)[citation needed]	4.13	20.9
Thermite (powder Al + Fe2O3 as oxidizer)	4.00	18.4
Hydrogen peroxide decomposition (as monopropellant)	2.7	3.8
battery, Lithium-ion nanowire	2.54	29		95%[clarification needed][13]
battery, Lithium Thionyl Chloride (LiSOCl2)[14]	2.5
Water 220.64 bar, 373.8 °C[citation needed][clarification needed]	1.968	0.708
Kinetic energy penetrator [clarification needed]	1.9	30
battery, Lithium–Sulfur[15]	1.80[16]	1.26
battery, Fluoride-ion [citation needed]	1.7	2.8
battery, Hydrogen closed cycle H fuel cell[17]	1.62
Hydrazine decomposition (as monopropellant)	1.6	1.6
Ammonium nitrate decomposition (as monopropellant)	1.4	2.5
Thermal Energy Capacity of Molten Salt	1[citation needed]			98%[18]
Molecular spring approximate[citation needed]	1
battery, Lithium–Manganese[19][20]	0.83-1.01	1.98-2.09
battery, Sodium–Sulfur	0.72[21]	1.23[citation needed]		85%[22]
battery, Lithium-ion[23][24]	0.46-0.72	0.83-3.6[25]		95%[26]
battery, Sodium–Nickel Chloride, High Temperature	0.56
battery, Zinc–manganese (alkaline), long life design[19][23]	0.4-0.59	1.15-1.43
battery, Silver-oxide[19]	0.47	1.8
Flywheel	0.36-0.5[27][28]
5.56 × 45 mm NATO bullet muzzle energy density[clarification needed]	0.4	3.2
battery, Nickel–metal hydride (NiMH), low power design as used in consumer batteries[29]	0.4	1.55
Liquid Nitrogen	0.349
Water – Enthalpy of Fusion	0.334	0.334
battery, Zinc–Bromine flow (ZnBr)[30]	0.27
battery, Nickel–metal hydride (NiMH), High-Power design as used in cars[31]	0.250	0.493
battery, Nickel–Cadmium (NiCd)[23]	0.14	1.08		80%[26]
battery, Zinc–Carbon[23]	0.13	0.331
battery, Lead–acid[23]	0.14	0.36
battery, Vanadium redox	0.09[citation needed]	0.1188		7070-75%
battery, Vanadium–Bromide redox	0.18	0.252		80%–90%[32]
Capacitor Ultracapacitor	0.0199[33]	0.050[citation needed]
Capacitor Supercapacitor	0.01[citation needed]		80%–98.5%[34]	39%–70%[34]
Superconducting magnetic energy storage	0	0.008[35]		>95%
Capacitor	0.002[36]
Neodymium magnet		0.003[37]
Ferrite magnet		0.0003[37]
Spring power (clock spring), torsion spring	0.0003[38]	0.0006
Storage type	Energy density by mass (MJ/kg)	Energy density by volume (MJ/L)	Peak recovery efficiency %	Practical recovery efficiency %