Emblems of Turkey
National emblem of Turkey From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
National emblem of Turkey From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Turkey has no official national emblem, but the crescent and star (Turkish: ay-yıldız, lit. 'crescent-star') design from the national flag is in use on Turkish passports, Turkish identity cards and at the diplomatic missions of Turkey.
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| National Emblem of the Republic of Turkey | |
|---|---|
| |
| Armiger | Republic of Turkey |
| Adopted | 1936[citation needed] |
| Shield | A crescent and mullet gules |
| Use | Turkish passport, Turkish ID card, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey) |
The crescent and star are from the 19th-century Ottoman flag (1844–1923) which also forms the basis of the present-day Turkish flag. Following the abolition of the Sultanate on 1 November 1922, the Ottoman coat of arms was no longer used and the crescent and star became Turkey's de facto national emblem. In the national identity cards of the 1930s the horns of the crescent were facing left, instead of the now more common orientation towards right.[1]
The coat of arms of the Sultan was abolished from usage after the abolition of the Ottoman sultanate in 1922. In its stead, the star and crescent on the flag was adopted. Three years later, in 1925, Ministry of Education opened a contest for determining another official coat of arms and artist Namık İsmail's design won.[2][3] İsmail's design featured a red shield charged with a white star and crescent. Underneath there was a grey wolf, connected to Oghuz Turkic mythology, standing on a spear. The shield was surrounded by a garland of wheat and oak leaves, with a medallion depicting Ottoman alphabet letters T and C for Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, Republic of Turkey. Above the shield was placed a lit torch, symbolising the country's independence.[4] However, the new coat of arms was never registered as an official coat of arms, and was never used subsequently.[3] A 2014 government review to develop a coat of arms has yet to result in a design, as of 2015.[5][6]
A circular section of the red flag of Turkey containing the white crescent and star is used in the current emblems of a number of Turkish ministries and governmental institutions, in the emblem of the Grand National Assembly, and as the flag badge on the uniforms of Turkish national sports teams and athletes. It was also used on the old (non-digital) Turkish identity cards.[7]
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The Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs often uses a red oval-shaped escutcheon which takes its colour from the Turkish flag, while its shape echoes the oval shield at the center of the late 19th-century Ottoman coat of arms.[8] The escutcheon contains a gold-tone crescent and star which are vertically oriented (with the star on top) and surrounded by the gold-tone text T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı.[9] A variant of this oval escutcheon (containing the gold-tone text Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Büyükelçiliği) is used by the Turkish embassies.[10][11]
The seal of the president of Turkey has a large 16-pointed star in the center, which is surrounded by 16 five-pointed stars, symbolizing the 16 Great Turkic Empires.[12] Its appearance is regulated by law.
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