East St. Louis Toodle-Oo

"East St. Louis Toodle-Oo" (also "Toodle-O" and "Todolo") is a composition written by Duke Ellington and Bubber Miley and recorded several times by Ellington for various labels from 1926–1930 under various titles.^[1] This song was the first charting single for Duke Ellington in 1927 and was one of the main examples of his early "jungle music".^[2] The composition entered the public domain in the United States on January 1, 2023.^[3]

"East St. Louis Toodle-Oo"
Disc label to the 1927 release on Columbia Records.
Single by Duke Ellington and his Washingtonians
B-side	"Hop Head"
Released	1927
Recorded	March 1927, New York City, New York
Genre	Jazz
Length	3:03
Label	Vocalion Columbia Brunswick OKeh
Songwriter(s)	Duke Ellington/Bubber Miley

Recording history

Ellington first recorded "Toodle-Oo" in November 1926 for Vocalion Records, which was released as Vo (1064). He recorded the composition twice more in early 1927 for Brunswick Records; the first version was not released at the time, but the second was released as Br (3480).^[1] He recorded his hit version in March 1927 for Columbia Records, under the name "the Washingtonians". Along with recording "Toodle-Oo", two other compositions were recorded at the same session, "Hop Head" and "Down in Our Alley Blues", the former of which would be released as the B-side of Columbia 953-D.^[4]

• November 29, 1926 E-4110 Vocalion 1064
• February 3, 1927 E-21636 E-21637 E-21538 Brunswick rejected
• March 14, 1927 E-21872 Brunswick 3480, Brunswick 6801, Brunswick 80000, Vocalion 1064 (some later pressings)
• March 22, 1927 W 143705-3 Columbia 953-D
• December 19, 1927 41245-1 Victor 21703
• December 19, 1927 41245-2 Victor 21703, Bluebird B-6430, Montgomery Ward M-4889
• January 19, 1928 W 400032-A OKeh 8638 (as "Harlem Twist", by Lonnie Johnson's Harlem Footwarmers, which features Johnson on guitar)
• March ?, 1928 2944-A and B Cameo 8182, Lincoln 2837, Romeo 612 (as The Washingtonians), and 108079-1 Pathe 36781, Perfect 14962 (as The Whoopee Makers) (identical to one of the takes of 2944)
• April 3, 1930 150167-3 Diva 6046-G, Velvet Tone 7072-V (as Mills' Ten Black Berries)
• February 9, 1932 71812-2 and 3 Victor L-16007 (33 1/3 10" long playing transcription, first part of a 3-song medley)
• March 5, 1937 M-180-1 Master MA-101, Brunswick m7989 (as "The New East St. Louis Toodle-O")
• February 7, 1956 Bethlehem Be BCP-60

Music

"East St. Louis Toodle-Oo" features a growling plunger-muted trumpet part played by co-composer Bubber Miley, one of the first jazz trumpeters to utilize the style.^[4] This style was carried on by later Ellington trumpeters Cootie Williams (1937 recording),^[5] and Ray Nance (1956 recording).

For Steely Dan's 1974 cover of the song, Walter Becker played the melody with a wah-wah pedal to imitate Miley's trumpet style, while Jeff "Skunk" Baxter used a pedal steel guitar for the trombone part.^[6]

Other notable recordings

• Dave Grusin – Homage to Duke (1993)

References

1. 1924–1930 Ellingtonia Archived 2020-08-13 at the Wayback Machine. Duke Ellington Discography. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
2. Duke Ellington: East St. Louis Toodle-Oo (OKeh) Archived 2010-12-26 at the Wayback Machine. Jazz.com. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
3. "Public Domain Day 2023 | Duke University School of Law".
4. Dance, Stanley. Liner notes to The OKeh Ellington. Columbia/Legacy Records, 1991.
5. Williams, Martin (1973). The Smithsonian Collection of Classic Jazz. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. p. 30.
6. rockongoodpeople (18 June 2015). "Jeff Skunk Baxter talks Doobies Steely Dan Jeff Beck Eric Johnson clinic at Sweetwater Gearfest 2015" – via YouTube.