East Frisian Low Saxon

Not to be confused with East Frisian language.

East Frisian Low Saxon, East Frisian Low German or simply called East Frisian is a Northern Low Saxon dialect spoken in the East Frisian peninsula of northwestern Lower Saxony.

East Frisian Low Saxon
East Frisian Low German East Frisian
Oostfräisk,[1] Oostfreesk, dat ostfräske Plattdüts[2]
Native to	Germany
Region	East Frisia
Native speakers	200,000 (2015)[3] mainly adults
Language family	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic North Sea Germanic Low German West Low German[4] Northern Low Saxon[4] Friso-Saxon East Frisian Low Saxon
Language codes
ISO 639-2	frs
ISO 639-3	frs
Glottolog	east2288
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It is used quite frequently in everyday speech there.^{[citation needed]} About half of the East Frisian population in the coastal region uses the language.^{[citation needed]} A number of individuals, despite not being active speakers of East Frisian Low Saxon, are able to understand it to some extent. However, both active and passive language skills are in a state of decrease.

East Frisian Low Saxon is not to be confused with the East Frisian language; the latter, spoken by about 2,000 individuals in the Saterland region, is a Frisian language, not Low German.

There are several dialects in East Frisian Low Saxon. There are two main groups of dialects. The dialects in the east, called Harlinger Platt, are strongly influenced by Northern Low Saxon of Oldenburg. The western dialects are closer to the Low Saxon Language spoken in the Dutch province of Groningen, Gronings.^[5]

East Frisian Low Saxon differs from other Northern Low Saxon dialects in several aspects, which are often linked to Frisian heritage. The language originally spoken in East Frisia and Groningen was Frisian, so the current Low German dialects of East Frisia, as part of the dialects, build on a Frisian substrate which has led to a large amount of unique lexical, syntactic, and phonological items which differ from other Low Saxon variants. Some Old Frisian vocabulary is still in active speech today.^{[citation needed]}

East Frisian features frequent use of diminutives, as in the Dutch language, e.g. kluntje ‘lump of rock sugar’. In many cases, diminutives of names, especially female ones, have become names of their own. For example: Antje (from Anna), Triintje (from Trina = Katharina) etc.

The dialects spoken in East Frisia are closely related to those spoken in the Dutch province of Groningen (Grunnegs, Grünnigs) and in Northern Drenthe (Noordenvelds). The biggest difference seems to be that of loanwords (from Dutch or German, resp.).^{[citation needed]}

Examples

East Frisian Low Saxon	Gronings	West Frisian	Northern Low Saxon	English
höör/hör [høːɚ]	heur [høːr]	har	ehr [eə]	her
mooj/mooi [moːɪ]	mooi [moːɪ]	moai	scheun [ʃœːin]	beautiful, nice, fine
was [vas]	was [vas]	wie	wer [vɛ.iə]	was
geböören/geböhren (imp.) [ɡebøːnː]	gebeurn [ɣəbøːnː]	barre	passeern [passe.rn]	to happen
prooten/proten [proːtnˑˈ]	proaten [proːtnˑˈ]	prate	snakken [snakɪn]	to talk

The standard greeting is Moin (moi in Gronings), used 24 hours a day.^{[citation needed]}

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		m	n			ŋ
Plosive	Voiceless	p	t			k
	Voiced	b	d			ɡ
Fricative	Voiceless	f	s		ç		χ	h
	Voiced	v	z		ʝ		ʁ
Approximant	Central			ɻ		w
	Lateral		l

^[6]

Orthography

East Frisian Low Saxon has two orthographies which are well known. One is developed by the Ostfriesische Landschaft, which is based on the orthography by Johannes Sass.^[7] The Ostfriesische Landschaft uses this spelling for all of their projects, and to promote the dialect. It is considered to also be a cross di-dialect compromise writing, to provide materials in Low German for outside of the East Frisian Low Saxon dialect speaking area, and is recognized by the government of Lower Saxony.

However, a newer, more phonetic orthography was developed in 1975 by Holger Weigelt, since he expressed concerns that the grammatical structures and character of East Frisian Low Saxon would not be presented well under the Sass-based spelling. This orthography is used fully by the Jungfräiske Mäinskup, which promotes the dialect and provides learning materials in this spelling. They also recognize East Frisian Low Saxon as its own Friso-Saxon language. The Incubator Wikipedia for East Frisian Low Saxon along with the examples of the dialect in this page are also in this spelling.

External links

• Plattdüütskbüro at the Ostfriesische Landschaft
• Ostfreeske Taal
• Diesel - dat oostfreeske Bladdje, the trilingual East Frisian newspaper
• Jungfräiske Mäinskup - organization for protecting East Frisian Low Saxon
• Project for an alternative Orthography
• Dictionary and Grammar

Notes

1. "Oostfräisk woordenbauk - Ostfriesisches Wörterbuch". oostfraeisk.org.
2. Dat näie Testament in dat ostfräske Plattdüts öferset't van O. Boekhoff. Pastor in Loga, Aurich, [1915]
3. East Frisian Low Saxon at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
4. Reinhard Goltz, Andrea Kleene, Niederdeutsch, in: Handbuch der Sprachminderheiten in Deutschland, edited by Rahel Beyer, Albrecht Plewnia, Narr Francke Attempto Verlag, Tübingen, 2020, p. 171ff., here p. 191
5. "Marron C. Fort: Niederdeutsch und Friesisch zwischen Lauwerzee und Weser" (PDF).
6. "Ōstfräisk wōrdenbauk - Ostfriesisches Wörterbuch". oostfraeisk.org.
7. "Schreibregeln der ostfriesischen Landschaft" (PDF).