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eSi-RISC is a configurable CPU architecture. It is available in five implementations: the eSi-1600, eSi-1650, eSi-3200, eSi-3250 and eSi-3264.[1] The eSi-1600 and eSi-1650 feature a 16-bit data-path, while the eSi-32x0s feature 32-bit data-paths, and the eSi-3264 features a mixed 32/64-bit datapath. Each of these processors is licensed as soft IP cores, suitable for integrating into both ASICs and FPGAs.[2]
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2009) |
| Designer | eSi-RISC |
|---|---|
| Bits | 16-bit/32-bit |
| Introduced | 2009 |
| Design | RISC |
| Type | Load–store |
| Encoding | Intermixed 16 and 32-bit |
| Branching | Compare and branch and condition code |
| Endianness | Big or little |
| Extensions | User-defined instructions |
| Registers | |
| 8/16/32 General Purpose, 8/16/32 Vector | |
 |
The main features of the eSi-RISC architecture are:[3]
- RISC-like load/store architecture.
- Configurable 16-bit, 32-bit or 32/64-bit data-path.
- Instructions are encoded in either 16 or 32-bits.
- 8, 16 or 32 general purpose registers, that are either 16 or 32-bits wide.
- 0, 8, 16 or 32 vector registers, that are either 32 or 64-bits wide.
- Up to 32 external, vectored, nested and prioritizable interrupts.
- Configurable instruction set including support for integer, floating-point and fixed-point arithmetic.
- SIMD operations.
- Optional support for user-defined instructions, such as cryptographic acceleration .[4]
- Optional caches (Configurable size and associativity).
- Optional MMU supporting both memory protection and dynamic address translation.
- AMBA AXI, AHB and APB bus interfaces.
- Memory mapped I/O.
- 5-stage pipeline.
- Hardware JTAG debug.
While there are many different 16 or 32-bit Soft microprocessor IP cores available, eSi-RISC is the only architecture licensed as an IP core that has both 16 and 32-bit implementations.
Unlike in other RISC architectures supporting both 16 and 32-bit instructions, such as ARM/Thumb or MIPS/MIPS-16, 16 and 32-bit instructions in the eSi-RISC architecture can be freely intermixed, rather than having different modes where either all 16-bit instructions or all 32-bit instructions are executed. This improves code density without compromising performance. The 16-bit instructions support two register operands in the lower 16 registers, whereas the 32-bit instructions support three register operands and access to all 32 registers.
eSi-RISC includes support for Multiprocessing. Implementations have included up to seven eSi-3250's on a single chip.[5]
The eSi-RISC toolchain is based on combination of a port of the GNU toolchain and the Eclipse IDE.[6] This includes:
- GCC – C/C++ compiler.
- Binutils – Assembler, linker and binary utilities.
- GDB – Debugger.
- Eclipse – Integrated Development Environment.
The C library is Newlib and the C++ library is Libstdc++. Ported RTOSes include MicroC/OS-II, FreeRTOS, ERIKA Enterprise[7] and Phoenix-RTOS[8]
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