Dvesha

Dvesha (Sanskrit: द्वेष, IAST: dveṣa; Pali: 𑀤𑁄𑀲, romanized: dosa; Tibetan: zhe sdang) is a Buddhist and Hindu term that is translated as "hate, aversion".^[1][2][3] In Hinduism, it is one of the Five Poisons or kleshas.

Translations of Dvesha
English	hatred, aversion, anger, hostility, ill will
Sanskrit	dveṣa (Dev: द्वेष)
Pali	dosa (𑀤𑁄𑀲)
Burmese	ဒေါသ
Chinese	瞋(T) / 瞋(S)
Indonesian	kebencian
Khmer	ទោសៈ, ទោស (UNGEGN: Toŭsăk, Toŭh)
Korean	진 (RR: jin)
Tibetan	ཞེ་སྡང (Wylie: zhe sdang; THL: shyédang)
Thai	โทสะ
Vietnamese	Sân 瞋
Glossary of Buddhism

In Buddhism, Dvesha (hate, aversion) is the opposite of raga (lust, desire). Along with Raga and Moha, Dvesha is one of the three character afflictions that, in part, cause Dukkha.^[4][5] It is also one of the "threefold fires" in Buddhist Pali canon that must be quenched.^[6][7][8] Dvesha is symbolically present as the snake in the center of Tibetan bhavachakra drawings. Dvesha (Pali: dosa) is identified in the following contexts within the Buddhist teachings:

• One of the three poisons (Trivisah) within the Mahayana Buddhist tradition.^[3]
• One of the three unwholesome roots within the Theravada Buddhist tradition
• One of the fourteen unwholesome mental factors within the Theravada Abhidharma teachings

Walpola Rahula renders it as "hatred",^[9] as does Chogyam Trungpa.^[10]

See also

• Advesha
• Kleshas (Buddhism)
• Mental factors (Buddhism)
• Taṇhā

References

1. Rhys Davids, Thomas William; William Stede (1921). Pali-English Dictionary. Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House. pp. 323, 438. ISBN 978-81-208-1144-7.;
   Ranjung Yeshe wiki entry for zhe sdang
2. Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2013). The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. Princeton University Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-4008-4805-8.;
   Eric Cheetham (1994). Fundamentals of Mainstream Buddhism. Tuttle. p. 314. ISBN 978-0-8048-3008-9.
3. Nāgārjuna (1996). Mūlamadhyamakakārikā of Nāgārjuna. Translated by Kalupahana, David J. Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House. p. 72. ISBN 978-81-208-0774-7.; Quote: The attainment of freedom from the three poisons of lust (raga), hatred (dvesa) and confusion (moha) by a person who is understood as being in the process of becoming conditioned by various factors (not merely by the three poisons)....
4. Peter Harvey (2015). Steven M. Emmanuel (ed.). A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy. John Wiley. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-119-14466-3.
5. Paul Williams (2005). Buddhism: Buddhist origins and the early history of Buddhism in South and Southeast Asia. Routledge. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-415-33227-9.
6. Frank Hoffman; Deegalle, Mahinda (2013). Pali Buddhism. Routledge. pp. 106–107. ISBN 978-1-136-78553-5.
7. David Webster (2005). The Philosophy of Desire in the Buddhist Pali Canon. Routledge. p. 2–3. ISBN 978-0-415-34652-8.
8. Payne, Richard K.; Witzel, Michael (2015). Homa Variations: The Study of Ritual Change across the Longue Duree. Oxford University Press. pp. 88–89. ISBN 978-0-19-935159-6.
9. Asaṅga; Walpola Rahula; Sara Boin-Webb (2001). Abhidharmasamuccaya: The Compendium of the Higher Teaching. Jain Publishing. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-89581-941-3.
10. Trungpa, Chogyam (2010). The Collected Works of Chogyam Trungpa: Volume Six: Glimpses of Space; Orderly Chaos; Secret Beyond Thought; The Tibetan Book of the Dead: Commentary; Transcending Madness; Selected Writings. Shambhala Publications. pp. 553–554. ISBN 978-0-8348-2155-2.

Sources

• Bhikkhu Bodhi (2003), A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma, Pariyatti Publishing
• Goleman, Daniel (2008). Destructive Emotions: A Scientific Dialogue with the Dalai Lama. Bantam. Kindle Edition.
• Geshe Tashi Tsering (2006). Buddhist Psychology: The Foundation of Buddhist Thought. Perseus Books Group. Kindle Edition.