Dodecane

Not to be confused with Dodecahedrane.

Dodecane (also known as dihexyl, bihexyl, adakane 12, or duodecane) is an oily liquid n-alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C₁₂H₂₆ (which has 355 isomers).

Dodecane

Names
Preferred IUPAC name Dodecane[1]
Identifiers
CAS Number	112-40-3 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	1697175
ChEBI	CHEBI:28817 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL30959 Y
ChemSpider	7890 Y
DrugBank	DB02771 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.003.607
EC Number	203-967-9
Gmelin Reference	201408
KEGG	C08374 Y
MeSH	n-dodecane
PubChem CID	8182
RTECS number	JR2125000
UNII	11A386X1QH Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0026913
InChI InChI=1S/C12H26/c1-3-5-7-9-11-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-12H2,1-2H3 Y Key: SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCC
Properties
Chemical formula	C12H26
Molar mass	170.340 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Odor	Gasoline-like to odorless
Density	0.7495 g mL−1 at 20 °C[2]
Melting point	−10.0 to −9.3 °C; 14.1 to 15.2 °F; 263.2 to 263.8 K
Boiling point	214 to 218 °C; 417 to 424 °F; 487 to 491 K
log P	6.821
Vapor pressure	18 Pa (at 25 °C)[3]
Henry's law constant (kH)	1.4 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Refractive index (nD)	1.421
Viscosity	1.34 mPa s
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	376.00 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar entropy (S⦵298)	490.66 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−353.5–−350.7 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298)	−7901.74 kJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H304
Precautionary statements	P301+P310, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 2 0
Flash point	71 °C (160 °F; 344 K)
Autoignition temperature	205 °C (401 °F; 478 K)
Explosive limits	0.6%
Safety data sheet (SDS)	hazard.com
Related compounds
Related alkanes	Undecane Tridecane
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

It is used as a solvent, distillation chaser, and scintillator component. It is used as a diluent for tributyl phosphate (TBP) in nuclear reprocessing plants.^[4]

Combustion reaction

The combustion reaction of dodecane is as follows:

C₁₂H₂₆(l) + 18.5 O₂(g) → 12 CO₂(g) + 13 H₂O(g)

ΔH° = −7513 kJ

One litre of fuel needs about 15 kg of air to burn (2.6 kg of oxygen), and generates 2.3 kg (or 1.2 m³) of CO₂ upon complete combustion.

Jet fuel surrogate

In recent years, n-dodecane has garnered attention as a possible surrogate for kerosene-based fuels such as Jet-A, S-8, and other conventional aviation fuels. It is considered a second-generation fuel surrogate designed to emulate the laminar flame speed, largely supplanting n-decane, primarily due to its higher molecular mass and lower hydrogen-to-carbon ratio which better reflect the n-alkane content of jet fuels.

See also

• Higher alkanes
• Kerosene
• List of isomers of dodecane

References

1. "n-dodecane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
2. "Dodecane".
3. "Dodecane".
4. Rydberg, Jan (2004). Solvent Extraction Principles and Practice. Marcel Dekker. p. 524. ISBN 0-8247-5063-2.

External links

• Caudwell, D.R.; Trusler, J.P.M.; Vesovic, V.; Wakeham, W.A. (2003-06-16). "The Viscosity and Density of n-Dodecane and n-Octadecane at Pressures up to 200 mPa and Temperatures up to 473 K" (PDF). NIST. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-09. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
• Material Safety Data Sheet for Dodecane
• Dodecane, Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases