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Ding Liren (Chinese: 丁立人; born 24 October 1992) is a Chinese chess grandmaster who was the 17th World Chess Champion from 2023–24. He is also a three-time Chinese Chess Champion and was a member of the Chinese chess teams that won the Chess Olympiads in 2014 and 2018. Ding is the first Chinese player ever to play in a Candidates Tournament and first Chinese player to pass the 2800 Elo mark on the FIDE world rankings.[2] In July 2016, with a Blitz rating of 2875, he was the highest-rated Blitz player in the world.[3] In July 2023, Ding became the No. 1 ranked Rapid player, with a rating of 2830.[4] He achieved his highest classical rating of 2816 in November 2018 and a peak classical ranking of No.2 in November 2021 behind Magnus Carlsen.
Ding Liren | |||||||||||||
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.jpg) Ding in 2023 | |||||||||||||
| Born | 24 October 1992 Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China | ||||||||||||
| Title | Grandmaster (2009)[1] | ||||||||||||
| World Champion | 2023–2024 | ||||||||||||
| FIDE rating | 2728 (December 2024) | ||||||||||||
| Peak rating | 2816 (November 2018) | ||||||||||||
| Ranking | No. 22 (December 2024) | ||||||||||||
| Peak ranking | No. 2 (November 2021) | ||||||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||||||
| Chinese | 丁立人 | ||||||||||||
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Ding was undefeated in classical chess from August 2017 to November 2018, recording 29 victories and 71 draws. This 100-game unbeaten streak was the longest in top-level chess history,[5] until Magnus Carlsen surpassed it in 2019.[6] Ding ended up being the runner-up of Chess World Cups in 2017 and 2019 consecutively and came second in the Candidates Tournament in 2022: this qualified him for the World Chess Championship 2023 against Ian Nepomniachtchi, as Carlsen declined to defend his title. Ding won, becoming World Chess Champion, by defeating Nepomniachtchi 2½ to 1½ in the rapid tie breaks after their classical match ended in a 7–7 tie. He lost his title to Gukesh Dommaraju in the last game of the World Chess Championship 2024, reaching a score of 6½ to 7½.
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Ding was born in Wenzhou, China, and started learning chess when he was four years old.[7] He attended Wenzhou Zhouyuan Elementary School,[8][9] and is a graduate of Zhejiang Wenzhou High School[10] and Peking University Law School.[11][12]
Ding is a three-time Chinese Chess Champion (2009,[13] 2011,[14] 2012[15]) and has represented China at all four Chess Olympiads from 2012 to 2018, winning team gold medals in 2014 and 2018, and individual bronze and gold medals in 2014 and 2018, respectively. He also won team gold and individual silver at the World Team Championships in 2015.[16] He is also the winner of the 2019 Grand Chess Tour, beating Maxime Vachier-Lagrave in the finals, and the 2019 Sinquefield Cup, beating Magnus Carlsen in the finals.[17][18]
2015–2019
In August 2015, he became the first Chinese player after Wang Yue to break into the top 10 of the FIDE world rankings.[19] In July 2016, with a Blitz rating of 2875, Ding was the highest-rated Blitz player in the world.[3] After becoming the runner up of the Chess World cup in September 2017, he became the first Chinese player to qualify for a Candidates Tournament,[20] the penultimate stage in the World Championship. At the Candidates Tournament 2018, Ding placed 4th with 1 win and 13 draws, the only candidate without a loss at the event. In September, Ding became the first Chinese player to pass the 2800 Elo mark on the FIDE world rankings, and in November he reached a rating of 2816, the joint-tenth highest rating in history. This brought him to ranked 4th in the world for that month.[21]
In August 2019, Ding tied first in the Sinquefield Cup with a score of 6½/11 (+2−0=9) with a performance rating of 2845. He won the tournament after beating Magnus Carlsen in the playoffs, drawing both games in the rapid portion and winning 2–0 in the blitz portion.[22] In October of the same year, Ding qualified for the 2020–21 Candidates Tournament by finishing 2nd place in the World Cup for the second time in a row. He lost to Teimour Radjabov in the finals after drawing the classical games (+1−1=2), the rapid tiebreaks (+0−0=4), before losing 2–0 in the blitz tiebreaks.[23] Along with Magnus Carlsen, Maxime Vachier-Lagrave, and Levon Aronian, he was a 2019 Grand Chess Tour finalist. Ding went on to win the Grand Chess Tour final,[24] beating Aronian in the semi-finals and Vachier-Lagrave in the finals.
2020–2023
In March 2020, Ding played in the 2020–2021 Candidates Tournament. He had a poor start, winning one game, losing three, and drawing three in the first half of the tournament before it was suspended. He finished in 5th place after the tournament was resumed in April 2021, with a score of 7/14 (+4–4=6) and a performance rating of 2768.[25] During 2022, Ding was able to play three of the nine tournaments of the Champions Chess Tour 2022 winning the Chessable Masters where he beat Magnus Carlsen in semi-finals.
After Sergey Karjakin was disqualified from the Candidates Tournament 2022, Ding was the highest player on the ratings list who was not already qualified.[26] Ding had been unable to travel to tournaments outside China during the COVID-19 pandemic, and was thus short of the minimum games requirement for qualification,[27][28] but the Chinese Chess Association organized three different rated events at short notice to allow him to qualify.[29] At the Candidates Tournament, Ding recovered from a slow start and finished with 8/14 (+4−2=8), achieving second place at the tournament's end on 5 July. Later the same month the reigning World Champion Magnus Carlsen declined to defend his title against the Candidates winner, Ian Nepomniachtchi. Therefore, Ding's second-place spot qualified him to play Nepomniachtchi in the World Chess Championship 2023.[30]
In January 2023, Ding appeared at the Tata Steel tournament, defeating Gukesh D in the first round, but then he eventually lost to R Praggnanandhaa, Richárd Rapport and Anish Giri and finished in 11th place with 5½/13 (+1−3=10).[31] This result dropped his rating below 2800, leaving only Magnus Carlsen to retain a rating above 2800.
World Champion (2023–2024)
| Rating | Classical games | Points | Rapid games | Total | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | ||||
 Ian Nepomniachtchi (FIDE) | 2795 | ½ | 1 | ½ | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ½ | ½ | ½ | ½ | 0 | ½ | ½ | 7 | ½ | ½ | ½ | 0 | 8½ |
 Ding Liren (CHN) | 2788 | ½ | 0 | ½ | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ½ | ½ | ½ | ½ | 1 | ½ | ½ | 7 | ½ | ½ | ½ | 1 | 9½ |
In April 2023, Ding and Nepomniachtchi began the World Championship match with a back-and-forth classical portion that ended tied 7–7. Ding then defeated Nepomniachtchi in rapid tiebreaks, winning the fourth game as Black.[32] Ding became the first Chinese player to hold the title of World Chess Champion.[citation needed] In May, Ding participated in the GCT Superbet Chess Classic Romania, finishing in 8th with a score of 4/9 (+1−2=6).[33] Following this, Ding took a nine-month break from tournaments, citing a struggle with depression.[34][35]
Ding ended the break in January 2024, placing ninth at the Tata Steel Chess Tournament 2024 with a score of 6/13 (+2−3=8).[36] In March, Ding played in the rapid time control (45+10) Grenke Chess Classic. He finished in 5th place out of 6 players, after scoring 4/10 (+0−2=8) in the double round-robin, coming second in a 4th-place tiebreaker with Vincent Keymer and Daniel Fridman (+1−2=1), and then beating Fridman 1½–½ for 5th place.[37] In May–June, Ding played in Norway Chess, placing last out of 6 players with a score of 7/30. The tournament was a double round-robin in classical chess, with an Armageddon playoff after each classical draw. A classical win counted for three points, a classical draw and Armageddon win counted for one-and-a-half points, a classical draw and Armageddon loss counted for one point, and a classical loss counted for zero points. Ding scored no wins, four losses, and six draws in the classical games.[38] He won 2 out of 6 Armageddon games, against R Praggnanandhaa and Hikaru Nakamura. In September, representing China as board one at the Chess Olympiad in Budapest, Ding failed to win a single game and as a result fell out of the FIDE top 20 rankings.[39][40] He finished with a score of 3½/8 (+0−1=7), with a rating performance of 2664.[41]
| Rating | Match games | Points | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | |||
 Gukesh Dommaraju (IND) | 2783 | 0 | ½ | 1 | ½ | ½ | ½ | ½ | ½ | ½ | ½ | 1 | 0 | ½ | 1 | 7½ |
| Ding Liren (CHN) | 2728 | 1 | ½ | 0 | ½ | ½ | ½ | ½ | ½ | ½ | ½ | 0 | 1 | ½ | 0 | 6½ |
Prior to the 2024 World Champion match, Ding was widely perceived as a significant underdog, largely due to his mental struggles throughout the year. In an interview with Singaporean newspaper The Straits Times, Ding said, "It doesn't seem like I've been playing the way I used to… and their assessment is correct and I don't know if I will ever reach that level again."[42] Oddsmakers gave Ding 3-to-1 odds to win, equaling roughly a 25% chance.[43] Throughout the match, much analysis continued to center around Ding's mental struggles. Several commentators responded with admiration for his fighting spirit and confidence in several games. Grandmaster Anish Giri, following Ding's win in Game 12 to tie the match, said, "[Ding] seemed so broken, completely, yesterday, and now he plays an absolutely incredible game throughout, just all the way!"[44]
Ding lost the championship and the World Chess Champion title with a 6½ score against Gukesh 7½. In game 14, Ding made a crucial mistake in the endgame by allowing his opponent to force a trade of two pieces while down a pawn, transforming a drawn position into a loss.[45] Despite speculation that Ding would retire following the match, he stated in an interview that he would continue to play.[46]
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- November 2003: U-10 World Youth Championship in Heraklio, joint 1st on 9½/11 points with Eltaj Safarli, 2nd on tiebreak[47]
- April 2004: Chinese Men's Team Championship in Jinan, scored 1/4
- November 2004: U-12 World Youth Championship in Heraklio, joint 1st on 9½/11 points with Zhao Nan, 2nd on tiebreak[48]
- July 2005: Chinese Individual Championship in Hefei
- April 2007: Zonal Tournament 3½ (China) in Dezhou, scored 6½/9
- July 2007: Chinese Men's Championship Individual Group B in Zhuhai, scored 7/10
- May 2008: Chinese Individual Championship in Beijing, scored 5½/11 finishing 6th
- June 2008: Men's Selective Tournament for Olympiad in Ningbo, scored 4/10
- July 2008: Czech Open 2008 MS U14 U16 – M-silnice Open in Pardubice, scored 5/5
- April 2009: Men's Zonal Tournament 3½ (China) in Beijing, scored 5/11
- May 2009: 8th Asian Continental Individual Open Championship in Subic Bay Freeport, scored 6/11 (first grandmaster norm)
- May 2009: Chinese Individual Championship in Xinghua, Jiangsu, 1st with 8½/11 and 2800+ TPR[49] (second GM norm)
- August 2009: Russia – China (men) in Dagomys, scored 2½/5
- September 2009: Chinese Chess King in Jinzhou, scored 3½/7
- October 2009, he became China's 30th grandmaster.[50]
- April 2011: Chinese Individual Championship in Xinghua, Jiangsu, 1st with 9/11[51]
- Chess World Cup 2011: knocked out by Wesley So[52]
- April 2012: Chinese Individual Championship in Xinghua, Jiangsu, 1st with 8/11[53]
- October 2012: SPICE Cup in St. Louis, tied for 2nd with 5½/10[54]
- In the 2013 Alekhine Memorial tournament, held from 20 April to 1 May, Liren finished ninth, with +1−3=5.[55]
- July-2015: Ding Liren won the Ding Liren – Gelfand (2015) match by 3–1 (+2 =2).
- March–April 2017: Won the Longgang Shenzhen Grandmaster Tournament.[56]
- May 2017: Won the Moscow Grand Prix with 6/9[57]
- September 2017: Reached the final of the 2017 Chess World Cup. This qualified him for the Candidates Tournament, the first Chinese player to do so. He subsequently lost on rapid tiebreak in the final to Levon Aronian.
- March 2018: Candidates Tournament 2018, Berlin. Placed clear 4th with +1−0=13, the only candidate without a loss at the event.[58]
- April 2018: Shamkir Chess 2018, finished 2nd with 5½/9 (+2–0=7).[59]
- August 2019: He finished second place in the Saint Louis Rapid and Blitz event with a score of 21½/36. The second place was tied and shared with Yu Yangyi and Maxime Vachier-Lagrave.[60]
- August 2019: Ding won the 2019 Sinquefield Cup by beating Magnus Carlsen in both blitz tiebreak games after drawing both rapid tiebreak games; both Ding and Carlsen scored 6½/11 (+2–0=9) in the classical games.[61]
- October 2019: Reached the final of the 2019 Chess World Cup, his second consecutive finals appearance in World Cup competition. He lost in blitz tiebreak in the final to Teimour Radjabov.[62]
- December 2019: Ding won the Grand Chess Tour Finals by beating Levon Aronian in the semi-finals and Maxime Vachier-Lagrave in the finals.[63]
- March 2020 and April 2021: Ding played in the Candidates Tournament for the right to face Magnus Carlsen for the World Chess Championship. He got off to a slow start, losing his first two games but finished the tournament with three straight wins to finish in 5th place. His final win was with the white pieces over the tournament winner, Ian Nepomniachtchi.[64]
- June–July 2021: Finished in 4th place in the Goldmoney Asian Rapid tournament. He was one of eight players to advance to the knockout stage of the tournament after a 3rd-place finish in the round-robin phase of the tournament. Defeated Jan-Krzysztof Duda 1½–½ in the quarterfinals before losing to Vladislav Artemiev in the semi-finals 2–1. He lost to Magnus Carlsen in the 3rd place match.[65]
- December 2021: Ding was a semi-finalist at the 2021 Speed Chess Championship, losing the tiebreaker game to GM Hikaru Nakamura after a four-hour back-and-forth struggle.
- May 2022: Ding won the 2022 Chessable Masters after defeating Magnus Carlsen in the semi-finals and R Praggnanandhaa in the finals.[66]
- July 2022: Finished second at the Candidates Tournament 2022 with a score 8/14, by beating GM Hikaru Nakamura in the last round.[67]
- April 2023: Ding won the World Chess Championship 2023, by beating GM Ian Nepomniachtchi in the tie breaks 2½ to 1½.[68]
- December 2024: Lost his world chess championship title defence to Gukesh Dommaraju of India 6½ to 7½ in the 2024 World Chess Championship held in Singapore.
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Bai Jinshi vs. Ding Liren, 2017
| h | g | f | e | d | c | b | a | ||
| 1 |             | 1 | |||||||
| 2 | 2 | ||||||||
| 3 | 3 | ||||||||
| 4 | 4 | ||||||||
| 5 | 5 | ||||||||
| 6 | 6 | ||||||||
| 7 | 7 | ||||||||
| 8 | 8 | ||||||||
| h | g | f | e | d | c | b | a | ||
Position after 32...Ne5+
- Bai Jinshi vs. Ding Liren, Chinese League, China, 2017, Round 18, Nimzo-Indian Defence, Kasparov Variation (ECO E21)[69]
- In a constant push for the initiative, Ding places multiple pieces en prise, leading to a king hunt ending with a forced mate.[70]
1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.Nf3 0-0 5.Bg5 c5 6.e3 cxd4 7.Qxd4 Nc6 8.Qd3 h6 9.Bh4 d5 10.Rd1 g5 11.Bg3 Ne4 12.Nd2 Nc5 13.Qc2 d4 14.Nf3 e5 15.Nxe5 dxc3 16.Rxd8 cxb2+ 17.Ke2 Rxd8 18.Qxb2 Na4 19.Qc2 Nc3+ 20.Kf3 Rd4 21.h3 h5 22.Bh2 g4+ 23.Kg3 Rd2 24.Qb3 Ne4+ 25.Kh4 Be7+ 26.Kxh5 Kg7 27.Bf4 Bf5 28.Bh6+ Kh7 29.Qxb7 Rxf2 30.Bg5 Rh8 31.Nxf7 Bg6+ 32.Kxg4 Ne5+ (diagram) 0–1
- The game would have finished with 33.Nxe5 Bf5+ 34.Kh5 Kg7+ 35.Bh6+ Rxh6# or 33.Kh4 Kg8+ 34.Nxh8 Bxg5#, the latter line resulting in a pure mate.
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He is accompanied by his mother on his travels. In an interview with Die Zeit in February 2024, he said he was dysphoric and had problems sleeping.[71] In November 2024, he was quoted as saying he simply no longer enjoyed his work[72] and suffered psychological problems.[73]
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