Desmond Lardner-Burke

Desmond William Lardner-Burke GLM ID (17 October 1909 – 1984) was a Rhodesian lawyer and politician.

The Honourable Desmond Lardner-Burke GLM ID
Minister of Justice Minister of Law and Order
In office 23 June 1964 – 1976
Prime Minister	Ian Smith
Preceded by	Clifford Dupont
Succeeded by	Hilary Squires
Personal details
Born	(1909-10-17)17 October 1909 Kimberley, Cape Colony
Died	1984 (aged 74–75) Harare, Zimbabwe
Political party	Rhodesian Front
Civilian awards
Military awards	None

Early years

Desmond Lardner-Burke was born in Kimberley in the Cape of Good Hope on 17 October 1909, and was educated at St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown. Lardner-Burke became a lawyer.^[1] He became a leading member of the Dominion Party,^[2] and in 1957 was a founder member of the Southern Rhodesian Association, of which he soon became leader.^[3] In 1962, this merged with Ian Smith's United Group and other organisations to found the Rhodesian Front,^[4] of which he was a prominent member.^[5] Lardner-Burke was a supporter of white supremacy, and claimed to support the views of Cecil Rhodes.^[6] In 1971, he preached a sermon from the pulpit of the Cathedral of St Mary and All Saints, Salisbury, in which he claimed that Christ had never declared that everyone was equal, nor that everyone was entitled to equal treatment. He attempted to illustrate how Christian theology could be shown to support apartheid.^[7]

At the 1962 Southern Rhodesian general election, Lardner-Burke was elected for the Gwelo constituency.^[8] The Rhodesian Front formed the new government, and after a period on the backbenches,^[9] Lardner-Burke was appointed Minister for Law and Order and Justice. In this role, he gave advice on which political detainees were suitable for release. He also acted as Leader of the House.^[10]

The Times described Lardner-Burke as "responsible for the harassment, arrest and detention without trial of tens of thousands of black nationalists, including President Mugabe, fighting against white rule in the 1960s and 1970s."^[11] He first ordered Mugabe to be detained in December 1963, writing:

"whereas certain information has been placed before me and whereas due to confidential information which I cannot reveal, I am satisfied that you are likely to commit acts of violence throughout Rhodesia"

Mugabe spent the next eleven years in various prisons.^[12]

Unilateral Declaration of Independence

Lardner-Burke held his seat at the 1965 general election, and was one of the signatories to the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI), signed in Salisbury on 11 November.

Following the UDI, Lardner-Burke stepped up his struggle against militants opposed to the Rhodesian Front. He made the possession of "weapons of war" a mandatory capital offence, and to escape this punishment, those accused were expected to demonstrate that they did not intend to endanger life.^[13]

In 1967, Michael Holman, a white student activist, published a poem criticising the Rhodesian Front's racial policy. For this, he was arrested, but a trial acquitted him of any crime. However, Lardner-Burke used his powers to immediately have Holman arrested and detained without trial.^[14]

Lardner-Burke again held his seat at the 1970 general election, but stood down in 1974. By 1974, he had been given powers to "arrest without warrant and detain without communication anyone regarded as a threat to the 'public interest'".^[15]

The white Rhodesian government was replaced in 1979, and in 1980 a government including Mugabe was elected. Lardner-Burke died in 1984 at St Anne's Hospital, Harare.

Election of 2008

In the run-up to the 2008 Zimbabwean parliamentary election, the Movement for Democratic Change opposition to Mugabe noted that Lardner-Burke's name appeared on the electoral roll for the Mount Pleasant suburb of Harare. They alleged that the presence of names such as Lardner-Burke's on the roll would permit Mugabe's ZANU-PF party to engage in electoral fraud by falsely claiming the support of dead people. Reports noted the irony of Lardner-Burke potentially posthumously assisting Mugabe in securing a further term as President of Zimbabwe.^[11]

Awards

• Legion of Merit (Grand Officer - Civilian) (GLM)
• Independence Decoration (ID)

References

Citations

1. "Africa: We Want Our Country". Time. 5 November 1965.
2. Mungazi 1998, p. 113.
3. Bull 1967, p. 20.
4. Rowe 2001, p. 106.
5. Mungazi 1998, p. 117.
6. Todd 1972, p. 66.
7. Fynn 2009.
8. Passmore, Mitchell & Willson 1963, p. 165.
9. Young 1967, p. 203.
10. Todd 1972, p. 144.
11. Raath, Jan (18 March 2008). "President Robert Mugabe 'raises the dead' to secure electoral victory in Zimbabwe". The Times. Archived from the original on 9 April 2008.
12. Norman 2015, p. 57.
13. Herbstein 2004, p. 268.
14. Mungazi 1998, p. 173.
15. News Dictionary, Facts on File, Inc. (1974)

Sources

• Bull, Theodore (1967). Rhodesia: Crisis of Color. Quadrangle. ISBN 9780812900507.
• Fynn, Diana (May 2009). On the Turn of the Tide: MI5, London Blitz, Turmoil in Africa, Dreams, Mediums and Poetry. The Autobiography of Diana Fynn. Troubador. ISBN 978-1-84876-105-6.
• Herbstein, Denis (2004). White Lies: Canon Collins and the Secret War Against Apartheid. James Currey. ISBN 978-0-85255-885-0.
• Mungazi, Dickson A. (1998). The Last Defenders of the Laager: Ian D. Smith and F.W. de Klerk. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-275-96030-8.
• Norman, Andrew (2015). Robert Mugabe and the Betrayal of Zimbabwe. McFarland. ISBN 978-1-4766-1670-4.
• Passmore, Gloria C.; Mitchell, Margaret T.; Willson, Francis Michael Glenn (1963). Source Book of Parliamentary Elections and Referenda in Southern Rhodesia 1898-1962. Department of Government, University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
• Rowe, David M. (2001). Manipulating the Market: Understanding Economic Sanctions, Institutional Change, and the Political Unity of White Rhodesia. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-11187-6.
• Todd, Judith (1972). The right to say no. Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 978-0-283-97916-3.
• Young, Kenneth (1967). Rhodesia and Independence: A Study in British Colonial Policy. Eyre & Spottiswoode.

Southern Rhodesian Legislative Assembly
Preceded by Robert Williamson	Member of Parliament for Gwelo 1948 – 1954	Succeeded by Robert Williamson
Preceded by Charles Falcon Scott Clark	Member of Parliament for Gwelo 1962 – 1970	Parliament dissolved
House of Assembly of Rhodesia
New title	Member of Parliament for Gwelo 1970 – 1974	Succeeded by Roger Hawkins
Political offices
Preceded by Clifford Dupont	Minister of Justice Minister of Law and Order 1964 – 1976	Succeeded by Hilary Squires