Denmoza

Denmoza is a monotypic genus of cacti. Its only species, Denmoza rhodacantha, is native to northwest Argentina.^[2]

Denmoza
D. rhodacantha
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 2.3)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Cactaceae
Subfamily:	Cactoideae
Tribe:	Cereeae
Subtribe:	Trichocereinae
Genus:	Denmoza Britton & Rose[2]
Species:	D. rhodacantha
Binomial name
Denmoza rhodacantha (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose[3]
Synonyms[3]
Cereus erythrocephalus (K.Schum.) A.Berger Cleistocactus rhodacanthus (Salm-Dyck) Lem. Denmoza erythrocephala (K.Schum.) A.Berger Denmoza rhodacantha var. diamantina Slaba Echinocactus coccineus Pfeiff. Echinocactus rhodacanthus Salm-Dyck Echinopsis rhodacantha (Salm-Dyck) Salm-Dyck Mammillaria coccinea G.Don Pilocereus erythrocephalus K.Schum. Pilocereus rhodacanthus (Salm-Dyck) Speg.

Description

Denmoza rhodocantha starts out as a globular cactus and stays that way for quite some time before growing into a 0.5 to 1.5 m (1.5 to 5 ft) column with a diameter of 20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 in).^[4] The 30 or more ribs are high and wide, with a width of 1 cm (0.4 in) at the base. The first areoles are confluent and bear brownish-red spines, later grey. The 8 to 10 radial spines are slightly bent. The areoles from which the flowers sprout also produce a series of long brown bristles as well as long spines up to 7 cm (2.8 in). The tubular flowers are scarlet. The fruits are spherical and contain shiny black-brown seeds with a diameter of about 1.3 mm (0.05 in).^[5][6]

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  Spines
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  Plant grown in University of California Botanical Garden
• 
  Plant growing in habitat in Uspallata, Argentina

Taxonomy

The first plants were probably discovered in 1821 by John Gilles near the city of Mendoza. They were given the name Cactus coccinea, but this has never been validly described. The species was first described as Echinocactus rhodacanthus in 1834 by Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck.^[7] Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose transferred the species to their newly established genus Denmoza in 1922.^[8]

Distribution

Denmoza rhodacantha is found in northwestern and western Argentina on the eastern slopes and foothills of the Andes in the provinces from Mendoza to Salta at altitudes of 800 to 2800 meters.^{[citation needed]}

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  Plate of Denmoza rhodocantha in Blühende Kakteen - Iconographia Cactacearum Tafel 16 (1904)
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  Denmoza rhodocantha from The Cactaceae (1919-1923) by Britton et Rose, Vol. III. (1922)
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  × Cleistoza, a hybrid between Cleistocactus strausii and Denmoza rhodacantha, Huntington Desert Garden