Dead River (Michigan)

The Dead River flows through Marquette County on Michigan’s Upper Peninsula and enters Lake Superior at Presque Isle on the north side of Marquette. The river drains forested uplands, small lakes, and impoundments west and northwest of the city before descending a short valley to the lakeshore.^[1]

Dead River
Location
Country	United States
State	Michigan
County	Marquette
Physical characteristics
Source	Interior lakes and wetlands northwest of Marquette
• location	Marquette County, Michigan, U.S.
Mouth	Lake Superior
• location	Presque Isle, City of Marquette, Michigan, U.S.

Course

Headwaters arise in lakes and wetlands in the hills northwest of Marquette. The river flows generally east toward the city, passing through a series of impoundments and steepened reaches before entering Lake Superior at Presque Isle. U.S. Geological Survey mapping identifies multiple control structures and short, higher-gradient sections along the lower corridor.^[1]

Natural history

Geology and landforms

The Dead River drains glacial uplands of the Marquette highlands, where till and bedrock knobs create short gorges and ledges. Near the city the river cuts through sandy and gravelly lakeplain before reaching Lake Superior. Gradient changes, small falls, and bedrock sills are common in the lower valley.^[1]

Plants and wildlife

Upland forests include northern hardwoods mixed with hemlock, white pine, and spruce–fir; riparian zones feature alder, cedar swales, and sedge wetlands. Cool, shaded reaches provide habitat for cold- to cool-water fishes, while the mouth and nearshore of Lake Superior support seasonal movements of salmonids and other species typical of the local shoreline.^[2]

Indigenous history and use

The Dead River lies within the homelands of the Anishinaabe. Nineteenth-century treaties, including the 1836 and 1842 agreements, established ceded territories across the south shore of Lake Superior in which signatory nations reserved rights to hunt, fish, and gather. Contemporary maps by the Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC) show these treaty areas encompassing present-day Marquette County and the Lake Superior coast around Marquette.^[3][4]

Natural resources and management

Hydropower and municipal utilities have shaped portions of the river. Federal energy records note that the **Silver Lake**, **Hoist**, and **McClure** facilities are part of FERC Project No. 10855, owned and operated by the Upper Peninsula Power Company (UPPCO); downstream of McClure, facilities are operated by the City of Marquette’s Board of Light and Power.^[5] Fisheries, habitat work, and access are coordinated through the Michigan Department of Natural Resources’ Lake Superior management units.^[6]

Flood history

On **May 14, 2003**, the fuse-plug spillway at **Silver Lake Dam** (near the Dead River headwaters) activated and eroded into a new channel, releasing an estimated **8–9 billion gallons** of water downstream.^[7][8] The surge traveled down the Dead River system; **Hoist** and **McClure** dams remained in place, while the city’s **Tourist Park (Lower Dead River) Dam** was overtopped and failed by erosion near the mouth area in Marquette.^[9][10] Authorities **evacuated roughly 1,700–2,000 residents** in north Marquette as the flood progressed; no deaths or injuries occurred, but damage was widespread and later estimated at **about $100 million**.^[11][12][13] Subsequent repairs and stewardship work by UPPCO, the City of Marquette, and state and federal agencies restored river functions and public access in the years that followed.^[14][15]

Recreation

City parks and public lands provide access to the river valley near Presque Isle and at road crossings upstream. Anglers and hikers use segments seasonally; visitors should consult local maps and the City of Marquette for park and trail information.^[16]

See also

• List of rivers of Michigan
• Marquette, Michigan