Cyrillization of Arabic

Cyrillization of Arabic is the conversion of text written in Arabic script into Cyrillic script. Because the Arabic script is an abjad (a writing system without vowels), an accurate transliteration into Cyrillic, an alphabet, would still require prior knowledge of the subject language to read. Instead, systems of transcription have normally been used.

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Basic alphabet

More information Letter, name ...

Letter	name	Scientific Transcription			Practical Transcription		Other
Letter	name	IPA	Cyrillic	DIA	lat.	ru.	Other
ﺍ	alif	/aː/	а̄↓	ā↓	a, aa↓	а,↓ я^[1]	ә
ﺀ	hamza	/ʔ/	’, —↓	ʾ↓	ʼ, —↓	—↓	ъ, Ӏ
ﺏ	bā’	/b/	б	b	b	б	—
ﺕ	tā’	/t/	т	t	t	т	—
ﺙ	thā’	/θ/	с̱	ṯ	th, s, (t)^[2]^[3]	с, (т)^[2]^[3]	ҫ
ﺝ	jīm	/d͡ʒ~ɡ/	дж	ǧ	j, dj, (g)^[2]^[4]	дж, (г, ж)	җ, ж, ҹ, ӂ, џ
ﺡ	ḥā’ (pharyngeal)	/ħ/	х̣	ḥ	h	х	ҳ, хӀ, хь
ﺥ	khā’	/x~χ/	х̱, х̮	ḫ	kh, x	х	хь
ﺩ	dāl	/d/	д	d	d	д	—
ﺫ	zāl	/ð/	з̱	ḏ	dh, (z, d)^[2]^[3]	з, (д)^[2]^[3]	ҙ
ﺭ	rā’	/r/	р	r	r	р	—
ﺯ	zayn	/z/	з	z	z	з	—
ﺱ	sīn	/s/	с	s	s	с	—
ﺵ	shīn	/ʃ/	ш	š	sh, ch	ш	—
ﺹ	ṣād	/sˁ/	с̣	ṣ	s	с	сӀ
ﺽ	ḍād	/dˁ/	д̣	ḍ	d, dh	д	дӀ
ﻁ	ṭā’	/tˁ/	т̣	ṭ	t	т	тӀ, тъ
ﻅ	ẓā’	/ðˁ~zˁ/	з̣	ẓ	z, (zh, dh)^[2]^[3]	з, (д)^[3]	зӀ
ﻉ	‘ayn	/ʕ/	‘	ʿ	ʻ	—, ъ, vowel doubling^[5]	Ӏ, гӀ
ﻍ	ghayn	/ɣ/	г, г̣	ġ	g, gh	г	ғ, ҕ, гӀ, гъ
ﻑ	fā’	/f/	ф	f	f	ф	—
ﻕ	qāf	/q/	к̣	q	q, k, (g, gh)^[2]^[6]	к, (г)^[2]^[6]	қ, ҡ, ҟ, къ, кх, кь, хъ
ﻙ	kāf	/k/	к	k	k, c	к	—
ﻝ	lām	/l/	л	l	l	л, ль^[7]	—
ﻡ	mīm	/m/	м	m	m	м	—
ﻥ	nūn	/n/	н	n	n	н	—
ﻩ	hā’	/h/	х, һ	h	h	х	һ, ҳ, хӀ, гь
ﻭ	wāw	/w, uː/	в, ў, ӯ	w, ū	w, u, oo, ou	в, у, ю^[1]	—
ﻱ	yā’	/j, iː/	й, ӣ	y, ī	y, i, ee	й,^[1] и, ы^[8]	ј

Vowels

Note: The following tables use the letter hamza (ء) as a carrier to illustrate the use of diacritics. It is not part of these signs.

To record short vowels after a consonant, optional signs (fatḥah, ḍammah, kasrah) are used above this consonant. To write long vowels, the same signs are used plus the corresponding consonant letter.

More information Letter, Title ...

Letter	Title	Scientific transcription			Practical transcription
Letter	Title	IPA	Cyrillic	DIN	lat.	ru.
Short vowels
ءَ	fatḥah	/a/	а	a	a, e	а, е, э
ءُ	ḍammah	/u/	у	u	u, o, ou	у, о
ءِ	kasrah	/i/	и	i	i, e	и, е, э
Long vowels
ءَا	fatḥah-alif	/aː/	а̄	ā	a, aa	а
ءٰ	alif-khanjariyah	/aː/	а̄	ā	a, aa	а
ءَى	fatḥah-alif-maqsurah	/aː/	а̄	ā	a, aa	а
ءَىٰ	—	/aː/	а̄	ā	a, aa	а
ءُو	ḍammah-waw	/uː/	ӯ	ū	u, oo, ou	у
ءِي	kasrah-ya’	/iː/	ӣ	ī	i, ee	и
Diphthongs
ءَو	fatḥah-waw	/au/	аў	aw	aw, au, aou	ау
ءَي	fatḥah-ya’	/ai/	ай	ay	ay, ey, ei	ай, ей, эй
Combinations
ءُوّ	—	/uːw, -uː/	ӯв	uww	uww	ув
ءِيّ	—	/iːj, -iː/	ӣй	iyy	uyy	ий^[1]

Hamza

The glottal stop (in Arabic hamza ) has complex notation rules. It can be written as a single character on the line ⟨ﺀ⟩, thus not distinguishing itself from other consonants, but much more often it is written above or below three carrier letters: alif, vav, ya. At the same time, hamza, like any consonant, can be both before and after a vowel. At the beginning of words, the hamza is written exclusively above or below the alif. The combination "alif-hamza + fatha + alif" (that is, أَا) is written in a special way through alif-madda. The absence of a hamza is occasionally recorded with a wasla sign (usually used only before the initial alif). In unvoiced texts, even the complete absence of over- or signed hamza is possible (thus hamza is indistinguishable from vav and ya), which further complicates transcription. Hamza is almost never written over the alif of the definite article.