Cynoglossus

Cynoglossus is a genus of fish in the family Cynoglossidae. Most species are indigenous to the Indo-Pacific region, but there are also a few in warmer parts of the East Atlantic. They are commonly found in shallow waters on a muddy or sandy bottom, including estuaries and a few species are restricted to fresh water.^[1] One species Cynoglossus sinusarabici has invaded the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal from the Red Sea, a process known as Lessepsian or Erythrean migration.^[2]

Cynoglossus
Cynoglossus feldmanni
Cynoglossus monopus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Carangiformes
Suborder:	Pleuronectoidei
Family:	Cynoglossidae
Genus:	Cynoglossus Hamilton, 1822
Type species
Cynoglossus lingua Hamilton, 1822
Synonyms
Arelia Kaup, 1858 Areliscus Jordan & Snyder, 1900 Cantoria Kaup, 1858 Cantorusia Whitley, 1940 Cynoglossoides von Bonde, 1922 Dexiourius Chabanaud, 1947 Dollfusichthys Chabanaud, 1931 Icania Kaup, 1858 Notrullus Whitley, 1951 Trulla Kaup, 1858

Species

There are currently 67 recognized species in this genus:

• Cynoglossus abbreviatus (J. E. Gray, 1834) (Three-lined tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus acaudatus Gilchrist, 1906 (Natal tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus acutirostris Norman, 1939 (Sharp-nose tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (Large-scale tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus attenuatus Gilchrist, 1904
• Cynoglossus brachycephalus Bleeker, 1870 ^[3]
• Cynoglossus broadhursti Waite, 1905 (Southern tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus browni Chabanaud, 1949 (Nigerian tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus cadenati Chabanaud, 1947 (Ghanaian tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus canariensis Steindachner, 1882 (Canary tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus capensis (Kaup, 1858) (Sand tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus carpenteri Alcock, 1889 (Hooked tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus crepida Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani, 2017, (Bluntnose deepwater tongue sole)^[4]
• Cynoglossus cynoglossus (F. Hamilton, 1822) (Bengal tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus dispar F. Day, 1877 (Round-head tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus dollfusi (Chabanaud, 1931) ^[5]
• Cynoglossus dubius F. Day, 1873 (Carrot tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus durbanensis Regan, 1921 (Durban tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus feldmanni (Bleeker, 1854) (River tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus gilchristi Regan, 1920 (Ripple-fin tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus gracilis Günther, 1873
• Cynoglossus heterolepis M. C. W. Weber, 1910 (Freshwater tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus interruptus Günther, 1880 (Genko tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus itinus (Snyder, 1909)
• Cynoglossus joyneri Günther, 1878 (Red tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus kapuasensis Fowler, 1905
• Cynoglossus kopsii (Bleeker, 1851) (Short-headed tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus lachneri Menon, 1977 (Lachner's tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus lida (Bleeker, 1851) (Rough-scale tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus lighti Norman, 1925
• Cynoglossus lineolatus Steindachner, 1867
• Cynoglossus lingua F. Hamilton, 1822 (Long tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus maccullochi Norman, 1926
• Cynoglossus macrolepidotus (Bleeker, 1851)
• Cynoglossus macrophthalmus Norman, 1926 (Big-eyed tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus macrostomus Norman, 1928 (Malabar tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus maculipinnis Rendahl (de), 1921
• Cynoglossus marleyi Regan, 1921
• Cynoglossus melampetalus (J. Richardson, 1846)
• Cynoglossus microlepis (Bleeker, 1851) (Small-scale tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus monodi Chabanaud, 1949 (Guinean tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus monopus (Bleeker, 1849)
• Cynoglossus nanhaiensis Z. M. Wang, Munroe & X. Y. Kong, 2016 (Nanhai tongue sole) ^[3]
• Cynoglossus nigropinnatus Ochiai, 1963
• Cynoglossus ochiaii Yokogawa, Endo & Sakaji, 2008
• Cynoglossus ogilbyi Norman, 1926
• Cynoglossus oligolepis (Bleeker, 1855)
• Cynoglossus pottii Steindachner, 1902
• Cynoglossus praecisus Alcock, 1890 ^[3]
• Cynoglossus puncticeps (J. Richardson, 1846) (Speckled tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus purpureomaculatus Regan, 1905
• Cynoglossus quadrilineatus (Bleeker, 1851) (Four-lined tongue sole) ^[6]
• Cynoglossus quadriocellatus R. Fricke, 2020 ^[7]
• Cynoglossus robustus Günther, 1873
• Cynoglossus roulei H. W. Wu, 1932
• Cynoglossus sealarki Regan, 1908
• Cynoglossus semifasciatus F. Day, 1877 (Bengal tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873 (Tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus senegalensis (Kaup, 1858) (Senegalese tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus sibogae M. C. W. Weber, 1913
• Cynoglossus sinicus H. W. Wu, 1932
• Cynoglossus sinusarabici (Chabanaud, 1931) (Red Sea tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus suyeni Fowler, 1934
• Cynoglossus trigrammus Günther, 1862
• Cynoglossus trulla (Cantor, 1849) (Macau tongue sole)
• Cynoglossus versicolor Alcock, 1890 ^[3]
• Cynoglossus waandersii (Bleeker, 1854)
• Cynoglossus xiphoideus Günther, 1862 ^[3]
• Cynoglossus zanzibarensis Norman, 1939 (Zanzibar tongue sole)