Cyclone Nisarga

Severe Cyclonic Storm Nisarga^[a] (/ˈnɪsərɡə/) was the strongest tropical cyclone to strike the Indian state of Maharashtra in the month of June since 1891.^[2] It was also the first cyclone to impact Raigad & Mumbai since Phyan of 2009.^[3] The third depression and second named cyclone of the 2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Nisarga originated as a depression in the Arabian Sea and moved generally northward. On 2 June, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm, assigning the name Nisarga. On the next day, Nisarga further intensified to a severe cyclonic storm and turned to the northeast, ultimately making landfall approximately 95 km (60 mi) south of Mumbai.^[4] Nisarga rapidly weakened once inland and dissipated on 4 June.

Severe Cyclonic Storm Nisarga

Nisarga making landfall on Maharashtra on 3 June
Meteorological history
Formed	1 June 2020
Dissipated	4 June 2020
Severe cyclonic storm
3-minute sustained (IMD)
Highest winds	110 km/h (70 mph)
Lowest pressure	984 hPa (mbar); 29.06 inHg
Category 2-equivalent tropical cyclone
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds	155 km/h (100 mph)
Lowest pressure	968 hPa (mbar); 28.59 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities	6 total
Damage	$803 million (2020 USD)
Areas affected	India (Maharashtra, Gujarat)
IBTrACS
Part of the 2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

Nisarga was the second cyclone to strike the Indian subcontinent within two weeks time, after Cyclone Amphan, the first super cyclonic storm to have formed in the Bay of Bengal in the 21st century, devastated the state of West Bengal in May 2020.^[5][6] Making landfall in Maharashtra with winds of 110 km/h (70 mph), Nisarga became the strongest storm to strike the state in the month of June since 1891. Before Nisarga, only two depressions had struck Maharashtra in the month of June, in 1948 and 1980 respectively.^[7][8]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale

Map key

Saffir–Simpson scale

  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown

Storm type

Tropical cyclone

Subtropical cyclone

Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On 31 May, an area of low pressure developed over the Eastern Arabian Sea and remained as a well marked low-pressure area over the same region till the evening.^[9] It strengthened into a depression over east-central and south-east Arabian Sea in the early morning of 1 June. It later intensified into the Deep Depression on the same day.^[10]

Satellite animation of Nisarga intensifying on 2 June.

Around noon on 2 June, the deep depression intensified into a cyclonic storm and thereby receiving the name Nisarga. The name has been contributed by Bangladesh.^[11]

It later reached its peak intensity of 110 kmph which makes as a Severe Cyclonic Storm whereas one-minute mean windspeed were 140 kmph which makes as a category 1 tropical cyclone. At 12:30 IST (07:00 UTC) 3 June, Nisarga made landfall near the town of Alibag at peak intensity. Nearby Ratnagiri recorded the highest wind speed of 110 km/h (70 mph) and minimum pressure was 984 hPa.^[4]

Preparations

On 1 June, Union Home Minister Amit Shah, held a preliminary review meeting with officials of National Disaster Management Authority, National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), India Meteorological Department and the Indian Coast Guard.^[12] On the same day, 33 teams of NDRF were deployed in the coastal region of both the state.^[13] Fishermen from Maharashtra were alerted to return from the sea.^[14]

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, via a tweet on 2 June, updated that he spoke to Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Chief Minister of Gujarat and Administrator of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu while assuring all possible support and assistance from the Central Government.^[15] As a precaution, 100,000 people were evacuated ahead of the storm.^[16]

Impact and aftermath

Nisarga caused 6 deaths and 16 injuries in the state. Over 5,033 ha (12,440 acres) of land were damaged.^[17] Chief Minister of Maharashtra Uddhav Thackeray announced an immediate aid of ₹400,000 (US$5,000) to the relatives of the deaths.^[17] Later, Thackeray announced another Rs1 billion (US$13.3 million) to Raigad district.^[18] The Government of Maharashtra put the total damage from Nisarga at Rs.60.48 billion (US$803 million), and the state required Rs11 billion (US$146 million) to recover from the damage caused by Nisarga.^[19][20]

The relief activity of the state government was panned for its effectiveness. The slowdown in providing relief was cited due to the peak moment COVID-19 in the state. A month later, 36,000 households electric supply yet to be restored, mainly due to pandemic followed by torrential monsoon activity early July.^[21] Damaged roads slowed down the process of loss evaluation of agricultural land.^[22] The ₹100 crore (US$12 million) relief package was criticised for been meagre by the state's opposition leader Devendra Fadnavis.^[23]

Government of Maharashtra estimated about ₹1,300 crore (US$160 million) aid for households affected. Slabs was decided for damage and materials lost and compensation was granted depending on the impact. While the compensation ranged from ₹15,000 (US$180) to ₹50,000 (US$600) for partial damage,₹1.5 lakh (US$1,800) was granted to families where houses were totally collapsed.^[24] Package of ₹24 crore (US$2.9 million) was allotted for the damaged 1,470 government schools and ₹2 lakh (US$2,400) each for damaged private schools in the affected districts.^[24] Cyclone Nisarga destroyed 23 out of 25 houses in Udaywadi village.^[25]

Cyclone Nisarga produced heavy rainfall in the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. 72.5 mm of rain was recorded in Marahashtra, with Jalna receiving the most rainfall (152mm).^[26]

See also

• Tropical cyclones portal

• Tropical cyclones in 2020
• Cyclone Phyan (2009)
• Cyclone Vayu (2019)
• Cyclone Amphan (2020)
• Cyclone Tauktae (2021)

Notes

1. The name Nisarga was contributed from Bangladesh which means 'nature' in Bengali.^[1]

References

1. "Cyclone Nisarga: Here is how the storm was named and what it means". Moneycontrol News. 4 June 2020. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
2. "Nisarga, first tropical cyclone since 1891 that may hit Maharashtra coast during June". Hindustan Times. 31 May 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
3. Choudhary, Srishti (2 June 2020). "Cyclone Nisarga: Mumbai braces for severe storm 11 years after 'Phyan'". Livemint. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
4. Chatterjee, Badri; Nandi, Jayashree (4 June 2020). "Cyclone Nisarga makes landfall; a lucky escape for Mumbai". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
5. Ray, Meenakshi (3 June 2020). "From Nisarga to Amphan: How do tropical cyclones form". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
6. "Cyclone Nisarga: Rare storm in decades pounds India's west coast". Al Jazeera. 3 June 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
7. Chatterjee, Badri (31 May 2020). "Nisarga, first tropical cyclone since 1891 that may hit Maharashtra coast during June". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
8. Ray, Anulekha (2 June 2020). "Cyclone Nisarga intensified in Maharashtra: Will hit coastline with high wind speed; flood alert in Mumbai, Thane". Livemint. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
9. Amit Chaturvedi (2 June 2020). "Deep depression in Arabian Sea intensifies into cyclonic storm, IMD officially declares it Cyclone Nisarga". Hindustan Times.
10. "IMD press release 01-06-2020" (PDF).
11. "Deep depression in Arabian Sea intensifies into Cyclone Nisarga". Hindustan Times. 2 June 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
12. "Home Minister Amit Shah holds meeting to review preparations to deal with Cyclone Nisarga". Hindustan Times. 1 June 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
13. "nisarga cyclone: 33 teams deployed in Maharashtra, Gujarat in view of 'Nisarga'". The Times of India. 2 June 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
14. "Mumbai, adjoining districts put on alert in view of cyclone Nisarga". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
15. "Cyclone Nisarga: PM Modi Reviews Situation On Western Coast". NDTV.com. Press Trust of India. 2 June 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
16. "Cyclone Nisarga hits India's west coast | Watch News Videos Online". Global News. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
17. "Maharashtra Cyclone Nisarga death toll rises to 6, CM announces Rs 4 lakh compensation for victims' kin". ThePrint. 4 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
18. "Uddhav Thackeray announces emergency relief of Rs 100 crore to Raigad over Cyclone Nisarga". ThePrint. 5 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
19. Waghmode, Vishwas (18 July 2020). "Maharashtra: State pegs Cyclone Nisarga damages at Rs 6,048 crore". The Indian Express. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
20. Marpakwar, Prafulla (18 July 2020). "Rs 6,000 crore cyclone damage, Maharashtra seeks Rs 1,100 crore aid". The Times of India. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
21. Assainar Raina (9 July 2020). "Month after cyclone Nisarga, 36,000 houses remain unlit". The Hindu. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
22. Alok Deshpande (5 June 2020). "The day after, CM takes stock of cyclone Nisarga havoc". The Hindu. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
23. "Rs 100 Crore Cyclone Nisarga Package "Meagre", Says Devendra Fadnavis". NDTV.com. Press Trust of India. 6 June 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
24. "State estimates ₹1,300-crore aid for families hit by cyclone Nisarga". Hindustan Times. 18 June 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
25. "Cyclone Nisarga: 23 of 25 structures in Pune village damaged". Hindustan Times. 7 June 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
26. Gangan, Surendra P; Venkatraman, Tanushree (5 June 2020). "Cyclone Nisarga: Crops on 8,000 hectares destroyed in Maharashtra". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 1 April 2021.

External links

• IMD Press Release 2 dated 1 June 2020