Cushing Hall

This article is about the Hampden–Sydney College dormitory. For the Vassar College dormitory, see Cushing House.

Cushing Hall (1824) is a dormitory at Hampden–Sydney College in southside Virginia. Built in sections from 1822–1833, Cushing Hall is the oldest four story dormitory still in use in the United States. The building is listed in the Virginia Landmarks Register (1969) and on the National Register of Historic Places (1970)^[3] as a contributing property of Hampden–Sydney College Historic District. The structure is named after Jonathan P. Cushing, the fifth president of the college.

Cushing Hall
Cushing Hall at Hampden–Sydney. Front facade, from the south.
Former names	New College, The College
Etymology	Jonathan P. Cushing
General information
Type	Dormitory
Architectural style	Federal
Location	Hampden Sydney, Virginia
Country	United States
Coordinates	37.243811°N 78.460886°W / 37.243811; -78.460886[1]
Current tenants	Hampden–Sydney College
Construction started	1822
Completed	1833
Cost	$45,000 (1833)[2]
Owner	Hampden–Sydney College
Technical details
Floor count	4
Design and construction
Architect(s)	William Phaup and Reuben Perry

History

"New College" in 1895

Cushing Hall was designed by William Phaup and Reuben Perry in the Federal style of architecture. The east wing and center section were completed by 1824, and the west section by 1833. Cushing Hall almost entirely replaced all the older buildings on the campus and was called "the College" (or "New College") until the early 20th century, when it was named Cushing Hall in honor of the College's fifth president, Jonathan P. Cushing.^[4]

After almost a decade after being founded at the University of Virginia, Pi Kappa Alpha was "re-founded" as part of the Hampden–Sydney Convention, held in a student room of Cushing Hall in the late 1870s. The four delegates to the Hampden–Sydney Convention are referred to as the Junior Founders. It was at this convention that the fraternity defined itself as belonging to "the South." At the New Orleans Convention in 1909, Pi Kappa Alpha officially decided to declare itself a national organization.^[5]

The exterior has been restored and the interior modernized (first in 1910, more recently in 1998). Porches were added in 1910, along with a slate roof, replacing the original cedar shakes. The front of the building was originally the back, which faced the 18th century campus (which it also replaced).

Cushing Hall is the model for Venable Hall (which originally housed Hampden–Sydney's seminary school, now used primarily as a dormitory) and the Randolph–Macon Building in Boydton, Virginia.^[6]

Functions

The Randolph–Macon Building in Boydton, Virginia, built in the 1830s, was designed after Cushing Hall. (The building was abandoned by the college in 1868 when it moved to Ashland due to financial reasons associated with Reconstruction.)

As with many 19th Century buildings in academia, Cushing Hall has been used for a myriad of functions throughout its lifetime. Since the 1820s, the building has been used as an auditorium, chapel, library, classrooms, and residence hall.^[6]

References

1. "N+78°27'39.2"W/@37.2438369,-78.4609373 "Cushing Hall, Hampden–Sydney, VA 23943" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
2. Brinkley, John Luster (1994). On This Hill: A narrative history of Hampden–Sydney College, 1774–1994. Hampden–Sydney, VA: Hampden–Sydney College. p. 117. ISBN 1-886356-06-8.
3. Archived 2017-06-27 at the Wayback Machine, Master List of Virginia Landmarks Register and National Register of Historic Places
4. Hampden–Sydney Buildings Archived 2011-09-29 at the Wayback Machine, H-SC Then & Now
5. Garnet & Gold Pledge Guide (15th ed.). Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity. 1970.
6. The Council of Independent Colleges Archived 2011-08-16 at the Wayback Machine, Historic Campus Architecture Project

External links

• Cushing Hall - Hampden–Sydney College