Curtright field

In theoretical physics, the Curtright field (named after Thomas Curtright)^[1] is a tensor quantum field of mixed symmetry, whose gauge-invariant dynamics are dual to those of the general relativistic graviton in higher (D>4) spacetime dimensions. Or at least this holds for the linearized theory.^[2][3][4] For the full nonlinear theory, less is known. Several difficulties arise when interactions of mixed symmetry fields are considered, but at least in situations involving an infinite number of such fields (notably string theory) these difficulties are not insurmountable.

The Lanczos tensor has a gauge-transformation dynamics similar to that of Curtright. But Lanczos tensor exists only in 4D.^[5]

Overview

In four spacetime dimensions, the field is not dual to the graviton, if massless, but it can be used to describe massive, pure spin 2 quanta.^[6] Similar descriptions exist for other massive higher spins, in D≥4.^[7]

The simplest example of the linearized theory is given by a rank three Lorentz tensor ${\displaystyle T_{\alpha \beta \mu }}$ whose indices carry the permutation symmetry of the Young diagram corresponding to the integer partition 3=2+1. That is to say, ${\displaystyle T_{\alpha \beta \mu }=T_{[\alpha \beta ]\mu }}$ and ${\displaystyle T_{[\alpha \beta \mu ]}=0}$ where indices in square brackets are totally antisymmetrized. The corresponding field strength for ${\displaystyle T_{\alpha \beta \mu }}$ is ${\displaystyle F_{\alpha \beta \gamma \mu }=3\partial _{[\gamma }T_{\alpha \beta ]\mu }.}$ This has a nontrivial trace ${\displaystyle F_{\alpha \beta }=\eta ^{\gamma \mu }F_{\alpha \beta \gamma \mu }}$ where ${\displaystyle \eta ^{\gamma \mu }}$ is the Minkowski metric with signature (+,−,−,...)

The action for ${\displaystyle T_{\alpha \beta \mu }}$ in D spacetime dimensions is bilinear in the field strength and its trace.

${\displaystyle S={\frac {-1}{6}}\int d^{D}x(F_{\alpha \beta \gamma \mu }F^{\alpha \beta \gamma \mu }-3F_{\alpha \beta }F^{\alpha \beta }).}$

This action is gauge invariant, assuming there is zero net contribution from any boundaries, while the field strength itself is not. The gauge transformation in question is given by

${\displaystyle \delta T_{\alpha \beta \mu }=\partial _{[\alpha }S_{\beta ]\mu }+\partial _{[\alpha }A_{\beta ]\mu }-\partial _{\mu }A_{\alpha \beta }}$

where S and A are arbitrary symmetric and antisymmetric tensors, respectively.

An infinite family of mixed symmetry gauge fields arises, formally, in the zero tension limit of string theory,^[8] especially if D>4. Such mixed symmetry fields can also be used to provide alternate local descriptions for massive particles, either in the context of strings with nonzero tension, or else for individual particle quanta without reference to string theory.

See also

• Kalb–Ramond field
• p-form electrodynamics
• dual graviton
• Massive gravity
• Montonen-Olive duality

References

1. Curtright, T. (1985). "Generalized gauge fields". Physics Letters B. 165 (4–6): 304–308. Bibcode:1985PhLB..165..304C. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(85)91235-3.
2. Boulanger, N.; Cnockaert, S.; Henneaux, M. (2003). "A note on spin-s duality". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2003 (6): 060. arXiv:hep-th/0306023. Bibcode:2003JHEP...06..060B. doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2003/06/060. S2CID 119471366.
3. Bunster, C.; Henneaux, M.; Hörtner, S. (2013). "Twisted self-duality for linearized gravity in D dimensions". Physical Review D. 88 (6): 064032. arXiv:1306.1092. Bibcode:2013PhRvD..88f4032B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.88.064032. S2CID 53411620.
4. West, P. (2014). "Dual gravity and E11", arXiv:1411.0920
5. Edgar, S. Brian (March 1994). "Nonexistence of the Lanczos potential for the Riemann tensor in higher dimensions". General Relativity and Gravitation. 26 (3): 329–332. Bibcode:1994GReGr..26..329E. doi:10.1007/BF02108015. ISSN 0001-7701. S2CID 120343522.
6. Curtright, T. L.; Freund, P. G. O. (1980). "Massive dual fields". Nuclear Physics B. 172: 413–424. Bibcode:1980NuPhB.172..413C. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(80)90174-1.
7. González, B.; Khoudeir, A.; Montemayor, R.; Urrutia, L. F. (2008). "Duality for massive spin two theories in arbitrary dimensions". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2008 (9): 058. arXiv:0806.3200. Bibcode:2008JHEP...09..058G. doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2008/09/058. S2CID 119230817.
8. Curtright, T. L.; Thorn, C. B. (1986). "Symmetry patterns in the mass spectra of dual string models". Nuclear Physics B. 274 (3–4): 520. Bibcode:1986NuPhB.274..520C. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(86)90525-0.