Cuban Revolutionary Navy

The Cuban Revolutionary Navy (Spanish: Marina de Guerra Revolucionaria) is the navy of Cuba.

Cuban Revolutionary Navy
Marina de Guerra de la República de Cuba
Badge of the Cuban Revolutionary Navy
Founded	1909; 115 years ago (1909)
Country	Republic of Cuba
Type	Naval
Role	Naval warfare
Size	3,550 personnel
Part of	Revolutionary Armed Forces
Nickname(s)	MGR
Engagements	Battle of Santiago de Cuba
Insignia
Naval Jack of Cuba
Naval Aviation roundel

History

The Constitutional Navy of Cuba was the navy of Cuba that existed prior to 1959. During World War II, it sank the German submarine U-176 on 15 May 1943.

The helicopter carrier patrol vessel Rio Damuji n° 390 in Havana (July 2011)

During the Cold War, the Cuban Navy successfully captured the freighters Leyla Express and Johnny Express, both vessels blamed for CIA-related activities against Cuba. In 1988, the Cuban Navy boasted 12,000 men, three submarines, two modern guided-missile frigates, one intelligence vessel, and a large number of patrol craft and minesweepers.^[1] However, most of the Soviet-made vessels have been decommissioned or sunk to make reefs. By 2007, the Cuban Navy was assessed as being 3,000 strong (including up to 550+ Navy Infantry) by the IISS with six Osa-II and one Pauk-class corvette. The Cuban Navy also includes a small marine battalion called the Desembarco de Granma. It once numbered 550 men though its present size is not known.

Cuban Navy today

A Cuban Foxtrot-class submarine

After the old Soviet submarines were put out of service, Cuba searched for help from North Korea's experience in midget submarines. North Korean defectors claimed to have seen Cubans in mid to late 1990s in a secret submarine base and appeared in public view years later a single picture of a small black native submarine in Havana harbour. It is rumored to be called 'Delfin' and is to be armed with two torpedoes. Only a single boat is in service and the design appears original, even if influenced both by North Korea and Soviet designs.^[2][3]

The Cuban Navy rebuilt one, large ex-Spanish Rio Damuji fishing boat. BP-390 is now armed with two C-201W missiles, one twin 57 mm gun mount, two twin 25 mm gun mounts and on 14.5 mm machine gun. This vessel is larger than the Koni class, and it is used as a helicopter carrier patrol vessel. A second unit (BP-391) was converted and entered service in 2016.^[4]

The Cuban Navy today operates its own missile systems, the made-in-Cuba Bandera (a copy of the dated Styx Soviet missiles) and Remulgadas anti-ship missile systems, as well as the nationally produced Frontera self-propelled coastal defence multiple rocket launcher. The navy's principal threats are drug smuggling and illegal immigration. The country's geographical position and limited naval presence has enabled traffickers to utilise Cuban territorial waters and airspace.^[5]

The Cuban Navy's air wing is an ASW helicopter operator only and is equipped with 2 MI-14 Haze helicopters.^[6]

Fleet

Current

Fleet equipment

• 2 Rio Damuji-class frigates, 1 × 57 mm gun, 2 Styx surface-to-surface missiles, 1 × 12.7 mm machine gun, 2 × 25 mm autocannons.
• 1 Delfin-class submarine, possibly 2 torpedo launchers. Rumored derived from North Korean Yugo-class submarine.^[7][8]
• 1 Pauk II-class fast patrol corvettes, Coastal with 1 × 76 mm gun, 4 anti-submarine torpedo tubes, 2 anti-submarine weapon rocket launcher – 495 tons full load – commissioned 1990.
• 6 former Soviet Union (FSU) Osa II-class PFM missile boats; 13 Type II transferred.
• 3 ex-Soviet Union (FSU) Sonya-class minesweepers; 4 transferred.
• 5 Former Soviet Union (FSU) Yevgenya-class minesweeper; 11 transferred.
• 1 Intelligence collection vessel.

Ground forces organization

• 2 amphibious assault battalions.
• 1 coastal defense field artillery regiment
• 1 coastal defense missile artillery regiment
• 1 light armored battalion (amphibious)

Naval Ground forces equipment

• D-30 122 mm artillery.
• M-1931/3 artillery.
• M-46 130mm artillery.
• M-1937 152mm artillery.
• ≈10 SSC-3 surface-to-surface missile systems.
• 18–24 Remulgadas coastal defense surface multiple missile launchers
• 20 Bandera coastal defense surface multiple missile launchers
• 12 RBU-6000 Frontera coastal defense multiple rocket launchers
• 18–22 PT-76 light tanks

Naval Aviation aircraft

Cuban naval aviation

Aircraft	Origin	Type	Notes
Mil Mi-14	USSR	ASW	2

The border guards have: 2 Stenka class patrol boats and as of 2007 approximately a dozen, down from 30/48, Zhuk patrol craft. Cuba makes Zhuk patrol craft and some are seen with an SPG-9 mounted on front of the twin 30mm guns.^[9][10]

Historic

• 1 Soviet Foxtrot-class submarine with 533 mm and 406 mm torpedo tube (non-operational); 3 transferred
• 3 Soviet Koni-class corvettes with 2 Anti-Submarine Weapon Rocket Launcher (non-operational); 3 transferred
• 4 Soviet Osa I/II-class missile boats with 4 SS-N-2 Styx surface-to-surface missile+
• 1 Soviet Pauk II-class fast patrol corvettes, coastal with 2 anti-submarine weapon rocket launcher, 4 anti-submarine torpedo tube
• 1 Soviet/Polish Polnocny-class medium landing ship, capacity 180 troops, 6 tanks (non-operational)

Military ranks

Main article: Ranks of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces

Commissioned officer ranks

The rank insignia of commissioned officers.

Rank group	General / flag officers										Senior officers						Junior officers
Cuban Revolutionary Navy[11] v t e
					Almirante		Vicealmirante		Contralmirante		Capitán de flotilla	Capitán de navío	Capitán de fragata		Capitán de corbeta		Teniente de navío		Teniente de fragata		Teniente de corbeta		Alférez

Other ranks

The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel.

Rank group	Senior NCOs																						Junior NCOs						Enlisted
Cuban Revolutionary Navy[11] v t e																													No insignia						No insignia
	Suboficial mayor		Primer suboficial		Segundo suboficial		Suboficial		Sargento primero		Sargento de segunda						Sargento de tercera										Cabo		Marinero de primera						Marinero

References

1. "Cuba: Havana's Military Machine". The Atlantic. August 1988.
2. "Delfin". hisutton.com. 10 October 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
3. Sutton, H. I. "New Photo Reveals Cuban Navy's Secret Submarine". Forbes. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
4. "Un baluarte sobre el mar". granma. 28 August 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
5. "Global Security on Cuban Navy".
6. Cuban Armed Forces Review: Air Force Archived 10 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
7. "Delfin". hisutton.com. 10 October 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
8. "New Photos Reveal Details of Cuba's Tiny, Lethal Attack Submarine". 17 May 2021.
9. "Zhuk class". Retrieved 9 December 2012.
10. "Cuban Border Guard". Retrieved 9 December 2012.
11. "Grados militares". minfar.gob.cu (in Spanish). Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces (Cuba). Retrieved 28 May 2021.