Cuadernos

Cuadernos (Spanish: Notebooks) was a Spanish-language magazine that was published in Paris, France, in the period 1953–1965. Its full title was Cuadernos del Congreso por la Libertad de la Cultura.^[1][2] It was one of the publications of the Congress for Cultural Freedom.

Cuadernos

Categories	Political magazine Cultural magazine
Frequency	Quarterly (1954–1961) Monthly (1961–1965)
Founder	Congress for Cultural Freedom
Founded	1953
First issue	June 1954
Final issue Number	September 1965 100
Country	France
Based in	Paris
Language	Spanish

History and profile

Cuadernos was launched by the Congress for Cultural Freedom in 1953 which targeted Spanish people and Latin Americans.^[3][4] The first issue appeared in June 1954.^[5] Cuadernos was based in Paris, and its editor was a Spaniard politician, Julián Gorkin.^[5][6] During his editorship another Spaniard politician Ignacio Iglesias also edited the magazine which was published on a quarterly basis.^[5] Gorkin was replaced by a Spaniard exile in Paris, Luis Araquistáin, as editor of the magazine in 1959.^[2][5] However, due to the death of Araquistáin a Colombian diplomat Germán Arciniegas was named as the editor of the magazine.^[1][3]

During the editorship of Gorkin between 1953 and 1959 Cuadernos contained only one article which included an overt ideological imposition in favor of the American policies, and it was about the Guatemalan coup d'état in 1954 and the fall of Jacobo Árbenz’s government.^[2] The magazine featured Hispanic poems, articles on anti-Soviet propaganda and political and cultural news from the European and Latin American countries.^[3] In line with the premises of the Congress for Cultural Freedom the magazine argued that the avant-garde or experimental approach towards art was possible only in a society depending on the free enterprise and liberal individualism.^[7] The avant-garde approach was also regarded by the magazine as an indication of the developed societies.^[7] Cuadernos featured an article by Albert Hourani on Taha Hussein which was published in Hiwar's inaugural issue in 1962.^[8]

In 1961 the frequency of Cuadernos was switched to monthly.^[5] The magazine was closed by the Congress in 1965 due to its low popularity^[1][3] and its lower circulation levels although it targeted Hispanic people in Spain and Latin America.^[9] The magazine never enjoyed high levels of circulation like Encounter or Der Monat, other magazines of the Congress.^[9] The last issue, the 100th issue, of Cuadernos was published in September 1965.^[5] Mundo Nuevo, another Spanish language magazine, succeeded Cuadernos.^[9][10]

References

1. Olga Glondys (June 2018). "Dismissals of the Congress for Cultural Freedom's representatives in Latin America as part of the strategy of "Opening to the Left" (1961-1964)". Culture & History Digital Journal. 7 (1): 10. doi:10.3989/chdj.2018.010. S2CID 158591858.
2. Daniel Noemi Voionmaa (2022). Surveillance, the Cold War, and Latin American Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 65. doi:10.1017/9781009153591. ISBN 9781009153591. S2CID 251678160.
3. David M. Carletta (November 2016). "Review of Neither Peace nor Freedom: The Cultural Cold War in Latin America by Patrick Iber". The History Teacher. 50 (1): 140. JSTOR 44504462.
4. Olga Glondys (2021). "Cold war controversies in the pro-amnesty campaigns of the Spanish political prisoners (1961) and the erosion of Spanish exiles' leadership in the anti-Francoist policies". Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies. 27 (1): 65. doi:10.1080/14701847.2021.1898154. S2CID 233205904.
5. Russell H. Bartley (Spring 2001). "The Piper Played to Us All: Orchestrating the Cultural Cold War in the USA, Europe, and Latin America". International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society. 14 (3): 587–588. doi:10.1023/A:1007881312208. JSTOR 20020095. S2CID 140894803.
6. Frances Stonor Saunders (2001). The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters. New York: The New Press. p. 218. doi:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim140150101. ISBN 978-1565846647.
7. Russell Cobb (2010). "Promoting Literature in the Most Dangerous Area in the World: The Cold War, the Boom, and Mundo Nuevo". In Greg Barnhisel; Catherine C. Turner (eds.). Pressing the Fight: Print, Propaganda, and the Cold War. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-1-55849-736-8. JSTOR j.ctt5vk8tb.14.
8. Elizabeth M. Holt (2013). ""Bread or Freedom": The Congress for Cultural Freedom, the CIA, and the Arabic Literary Journal Ḥiwār (1962-67)". Journal of Arabic Literature. 44 (1): 90. doi:10.1163/1570064x-12341257.
9. Greg Barnhisel (8 January 2017). "Finks, Fronts, and Puppets: Revisiting the Cultural Cold War". Los Angeles Review of Books. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
10. Megan C. Engle (2014). The Congress for Cultural Freedom, modernization, and the cultural Cold War in Anglophone Africa, 1958-1967 (PhD thesis). Binghamton University. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-321-57159-2. ProQuest 1658532640.