Cruentotrema

Cruentotrema is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species.

Cruentotrema
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Lecanoromycetes
Order:	Graphidales
Family:	Graphidaceae
Genus:	Cruentotrema Rivas Plata, Papong, Lumbsch & Lücking (2012)
Type species
Cruentotrema cruentatum (Mont.) Rivas Plata, Lumbsch & Lücking (2012)
Species
C. amazonum C. cruentatum C. kurandense C. lirelliforme C. puniceum C. siamense C. thailandicum

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by Rivas Plata, Papong, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, and Robert Lücking, with Cruentotrema cruentatum assigned as the type species. This enigmatic lichen had previously been described three times under different names: as Stictis cruentata Mont. (1855), as Arthothelium puniceum Müll.Arg. (1893), and as Thelotrema rhododiscum Homchantara and Coppins (2002). Molecular phylogenetics revealed its true affinities in the subfamily Fissurinoideae of the family Graphidaceae. The genus name combines the species epithet of the type species with the suffix -trema. Three species were included in the original circumscription of the genus.^[1]

Description

Characteristics of the genus include rounded, erumpent ascomata, a carbonised (blackened) excipulum, the absence of a columella, and inamyloid asci and hamathecium. The ascospores of Cruentotrema lichens number eight per ascus, and are colourless and ellipsoid with thick septa and diamond-shaped chambers (lumina) of the Trypethelium-type.^[1]

Species

As of July 2024^[update], Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts seven species of Cruentotrema:^[2]

• Cruentotrema amazonum M.Cáceres, Aptroot & Lücking (2014)^[3]
• Cruentotrema cruentatum (Mont.) Rivas Plata, Lumbsch & Lücking (2012)^[1]
• Cruentotrema kurandense (Mangold) Rivas Plata, Lumbsch & Lücking (2012)^[1]
• Cruentotrema lirelliforme J.Kalb, Polyiam & Kalb (2016)^[4]
• Cruentotrema puniceum (Müll.Arg.) J.Kalb & Kalb (2016)^[4]
• Cruentotrema siamense Lücking & Kalb (2021)^[5]
• Cruentotrema thailandicum Rivas Plata, Papong & Lumbsch (2012)^[1]

References

1. Rivas Plata, Eimy; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2011). "A new classification for the family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Lecanoromycetes: Ostropales)". Fungal Diversity. 52 (1): 107–121. doi:10.1007/s13225-011-0135-8.
2. "Cruentotrema". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
3. Cáceres, Marcela E.S.; Aptroot, André; Parnmen, Sittiporn; Lücking, Robert (2014). "Remarkable diversity of the lichen family Graphidaceae in the Amazon rain forest of Rondônia, Brazil". Phytotaxa. 189 (1): 87–136. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.189.1.8.
4. Kalb, Jutarat; Polyiam, Wetchasart; Plata, Eimy Rivas; Bawingan, Paulina A.; Kalb, Klaus; Lücking, Robert (2016). "'Missing links' alive? Novel taxa represent morphological transitions between distinctive phenotypes among extant Graphidaceae (lichenized Ascomycota: Ostropales)". Phytotaxa. 268 (2): 110–122. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.268.2.2.
5. Kalb, K.; Schumm, F. (2021). "New or otherwise interesting lichens. IX. Four new species in the family Graphidaceae, one new combination, new records and remarks". Archive for Lichenology. 22: 1–22.