Crown Prince Hyoryeong

Not to be confused with Grand Prince Hyoryeong.

Crown Prince Hyoryeong (Korean: 효령태자; Hanja: 孝靈太子; born 4 June 1149^[a]), personal name Wang Ki was a Goryeo Royal Prince as the first and oldest son of King Uijong and Queen Janggyeong^[1] who was later deposed from his position alongside his father by Chŏng Chung-bu and Yi Ŭi-bang in 1170.

Wang Ki
Crown Prince of Goryeo
Reign	1153–1170
Coronation	1153
Predecessor	Crown Prince Wang Ch'ŏl
Successor	Crown Prince Wang Suk
Monarch	King Uijong (father)
Born	Wang Ki 4 June 1149 Gaegyeong, Goryeo
Died	fl. 1170 Goryeo
Spouse	Lady Wang ​ (m. 1168⁠–⁠1170)​
Son	1
Posthumous name Crown Prince Hyoryeong (효령태자; 孝靈太子)
House	Wang
Father	Uijong of Goryeo
Mother	Queen Janggyeong
Korean name
Hangul	효령태자
Hanja	孝靈太子
Revised Romanization	Hyoryeong taeja
McCune–Reischauer	Hyoryŏng t'aeja
Birth name
Hangul	왕기
Hanja	王祈
Revised Romanization	Wang Gi
McCune–Reischauer	Wang Ki
Childhood name
Hangul	왕홍
Hanja	王泓
Revised Romanization	Wang Hong
McCune–Reischauer	Wang Hong

Biography

Early life and background

Born on 4 June 1149 with the childhood name of Wang Hong (왕홍; 王泓) and personal name of Wang Ki (왕기; 王祈), he was the only son of King Uijong and Queen Janggyeong.^[2]

Through his father, both of King Myeongjong and Sinjong were his uncle and both of their sons (Gangjong and Huijong) were Ki's first cousins. Meanwhile, since Queen Uijeong (Myeongjong's wife) and Queen Seonjeong (Sinjong's wife) were his mother's younger sisters, so they became both his paternal aunt-in-law and maternal aunt, same with Myeongjong and Sinjong who would become both his paternal uncle and maternal uncle-in-law.^[3]

Palace life and marriage

On May 15, 1153,^[b] the four-year-old Wang Ki formally became the crown prince.^[2][4] Then, Im Kŭk-ch'ung (임극충; brother of Queen Gongye) was chosen as the prince's teacher in 1155^[5] and a year later, Kim Chon-jung (김존중) was appointed as the junior guardian of the heir apparent (태자소보; 太子少保; t'aeja sobo)^[6] alongside Yi Chi-mu (이지무) who was also appointed as the grand guardian of the heir apparent (태자태보; 太子太保; t'aeja t'aebo).^[7]

In 1162, Ki performed a gwannye (관례; 冠禮)^[8] and in 1168, he received the daughter of Duke Gangyang (강양공) and Princess Deoknyeong (덕녕궁주) as his Princess consort.^[9] Together, they had a son.

Princess Deoknyeong (his mother-in-law) was the second daughter of his grandfather, King Injong, so she was initially his aunt. Meanwhile, Duke Gangyang (his father-in-law) was the only son of Duke Daewon, the fifth son of King Sukjong who was Injong's grandfather. Through Duke Gangyang, Ki was the paternal second cousin once removed to his wife, but through Princess Deoknyeong, Ki was the maternal first cousin to her.

Deposition and removal

However, in 1170 (24th year reign of King Uijong), Chŏng Chung-bu who was dissatisfied with the King whom usually politically centered on eunuchs, then killed about 10 eunuchs in the palace.^[10] After moved the King to "Gungigam" (군기감; 軍器監),^[11] they led a coup to dethroned him and his successors.

At this time, Wang Ki was imprisoned at "Yeongeun Hall" (영은관; 迎恩館)^[12] and in the next day, Uijong was exiled to "Geoje-hyeon" (거제현; modern-day Geoje, South Korea.^[13]), Ki was expelled to "Jindo-hyeon" (진도현; modern-day Jindo County, South Jeolla Province, South Korea.^[14]), while his son was murdered.^[2][10] In 1173, Uijong was assassinated by Yi Ŭi-min at Gyerim (계림; 鷄林)^[15] and whether the prince was still alive or dead is unknown as there are no records left. After this, the throne was succeeded by Uijong's second younger brother, Wang Ho, the Duke Ikyang who became known as "King Myeongjong".

Notes

1. In the Korean calendar (lunisolar), he was born on 27th day of the fourth lunar month.
2. In the Korean calendar (lunisolar), the 20th day of the 4th Lunar month during the 7th year of Uijong's reign.

References

1. 의종 소생 왕자. Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved January 15, 2022.
2. 의종 왕자 효령태자 왕기. Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved January 15, 2022.
3. 문종 왕자 조선공 왕도. Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved November 11, 2021.
4. 《History of Goryeo》Vol. 18〈Biographies〉Vol. 18 – 4th month, 7th year of Uijong - Prince Hong Sealed Into Crown Prince
5. 《History of Goryeo》Vol. 18〈Biographies〉Vol. 18 – 5th month, 9th year of Uijong - Appointment of Yang Won-jun and others to the Royal Office
6. 김존중을 태자소보로 삼다. Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved January 15, 2022.
7. 이지무를 태자태보로 삼다. Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved January 15, 2022.
8. 왕태자의 관례를 행하다. Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved January 15, 2022.
9. 왕감의 딸을 태자비로 삼다. Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved January 15, 2022.
10. 정중부가 이의방 등과 함께 의종을 폐위하고 명종을 옹립하다. Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved January 15, 2022.
11. "Gun-gi-gam" is a government office during the Goryeo and Joseon dynasty periods who was in charge of manufacturing equipment and clothes necessary for going out to battle; it also known as "Gun-gi-si" (군기시; 軍器寺).
12. 《History of Goryeo》Vol. 19〈Biographies〉Vol. 19 – 9th month, 24th year of Uijong - Jeong Jung-bu and others Kill Eunuchs and Transfer the King to Gungigam
13. (in Korean)
14. (in Korean)
15. 의종이 계림에서 이의민에게 살해 당하다. Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved January 15, 2022.

External links

• Crown Prince Hyoryeong on the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean).
• History of Goryeo by Jeong In-ji

Crown Prince Hyoryeong House of Wang
Regnal titles
Preceded by Crown Prince Wang Cheol	Crown Prince of Goryeo 1153–1170	Succeeded by Crown Prince Wang Suk