Cretan wildcat

The Cretan wildcat is a member of the genus Felis that inhabits the Greek island of Crete. Its taxonomic status is unclear at present, as some biologists consider it probably introduced, or a European wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris), or a hybrid between European wildcat and domestic cat (F. catus).^[1] It was previously considered a separate subspecies of wildcat as Felis silvestris cretensis.^[2]

Cretan wildcat
Taxidermied specimen in the Natural History Museum of Mount Diktis, Vidianis Monastery, Lassithi plateau, Crete.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Suborder:	Feliformia
Family:	Felidae
Subfamily:	Felinae
Genus:	Felis
Species:	F. silvestris
Subspecies:	F. s. silvestris
Trinomial name
Felis silvestris silvestris T. Haltenorth, 1953
Synonyms
Felis ocreata agrius Bate, 1906 Felis agrius (Miller, 1912) Felis silvestris cretensis Haltenorth, 1953 Felis lybica cretensis

Crete has been isolated from the continent for about 6 million years. Palaeontological data indicate that the island was colonised during the Pleistocene by those mammalian taxa that were able to swim across the sea. Crete's Pleistocene endemic mammalian fauna comprised rodents and herbivores, but remains of predators were not found. Pleistocene mammals died out before the Holocene.^[3] More than 9,000 animal bones were excavated at the archaeological site Kavousi Kastro in eastern Crete in the late 1980s that date to the Late Geometric period at about 8th century BC. These faunal remains also included one cat that was identified as a domestic cat.^[4] Fragments of a domestic cat were also found at the archaeological site Gortyn dating to the 6th to 7th century AD.^[5]

In October 2017, Greek news sites circulated reports that a sheep farmer captured a wild cat after laying traps for a predator that attacked young sheep of his herd. The reports were accompanied by photographs and video footage of the captured animal.^[6][7][8][9]

Taxonomic history

The Cretan wildcat was originally described as a separate subspecies, Felis ocreata agrius, of wildcat by Bate in 1906.^[10] This was contested by Pocock in 1907, who said the skin was that of a feral domestic cat, but Miller in 1912 considered it a full species as Felis agrius, while Schwarz in 1930 followed Miss Bate's opinion. Pocock in 1951 examined the type specimen and again declared it a feral cat.^[11][12]

However, in 1953 the name Felis silvestris cretensis was proposed by Theodor Haltenorth for a separate specimen, a skin collected at the same time as the F. agrius specimen, describing the second skin as resembling the skin of an African wildcat but with the bushy tail of a European wildcat.^[13] Later researchers sometimes considered it a subspecies of the African wildcat as Felis lybica cretensis.^[14][15]

In the 1980s, Colin Groves measured and assessed zoological specimens of cats that originated in the Mediterranean islands. He concluded that the two cat skins from Crete differed from true wildcat specimens and therefore considered them feral cats.^[16] This view was provisionally followed by the IUCN Cat Specialist Group's major 2017 taxonomic review.^[1]

See also

• Corsican wildcat
• Sardinian wildcat

References

1. Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 11): 17−20.
2. Wozencraft, C. W. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D. E.; Reader, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 536. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.
3. Isaakidou, V. (2005). Bones from the Labyrinth: Faunal evidence for management and consumption of animals at Neolithic and Bronze Age Knossos, Crete. Doctoral dissertation. London: University of London.
4. Klippel, W. E.; Snyder, L. M. (1991). "Dark-Age Fauna from Kavousi, Crete: The Vertebrates from the 1987 and 1988 Excavations". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 60 (2): 179–186. JSTOR 148086.
5. Wilkens, B. (2003). "Hunting and breeding in ancient Crete". Zooarchaeology in Greece: Recent Advances. 9: 85–90. JSTOR 40960335.
6. "Πιάστηκε Φουρόγατος στον Ομαλό; - Συναγερμός στους επιστήμονες (φωτο)".
7. "Αυτός είναι ο 'μυθικός' φουρόγατος που εντοπίστηκε στα Λευκά Όρη". 18 October 2017. Archived from the original on 22 February 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
8. Χανιώτικα Νέα (18 October 2017). "Φουρόγατος στα Λευκά Όρη;". Archived from the original on 2021-12-21 – via YouTube.
9. Sarantos Nikos (18 October 2017). "Δείτε τον εξαφανισμένο Αγριόγατο - Φουρόγατο της Κρήτης, που προσπαθεί να δραπετεύσει." Archived from the original on 2021-12-21 – via YouTube.
10. Bate, D. (1906). Proc. Zool. Soc. London. II: 317. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
11. Pocock, R. I. (1951). "Felis catus". Catalogue of the genus Felis. London: British Museum (Natural History). p. 10.
12. Miller (1912). Catalogue of the Mammals of Western Europe. p. 470.
13. Haltenorth, T. (1953). "Felis silvestris cretensis nom. nov.". Die Wildkatzen der Alten Welt: Eine Übersicht über die Gattung Felis [The wildcats of the Old World: An overview of the genus Felis]. Leipzig: Geest und Portig. pp. 29−31.
14. Gippoliti, Spartaco; Amori, Giovanni (2004). "Mediterranean Island mammals: Are they a priority for biodiversity conservation?". Biogeographia – the Journal of Integrative Biogeography. 25. doi:10.21426/B6110135.
15. Gippoliti, S.; Amori, G. (2006). "Ancient introductions of mammals in the Mediterranean Basin and their implications for conservation". Mammal Review. 36 (1): 37–48. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2006.00081.x.
16. Groves, C.P. (1989). "Feral mammals of the Mediterranean islands: documents of early domestication". In Clutton-Brock, J. (ed.). The Walking Larder: Patterns of Domestication, Pastoralism, and Predation (2015 ed.). London and New York: Routledge. pp. 46–58. ISBN 9781317598381.