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Extinct Pakawan language of North America From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cotoname[2] is a Pakawan language spoken by Native Americans indigenous to the lower Rio Grande Valley of northeastern Mexico and extreme southern Texas (United States). Today it is extinct.
 | This article should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{lang}}, {{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and {{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate ISO 639 code. Wikipedia's multilingual support templates may also be used - notably xcn for Cotoname. (October 2024) |
| Cotoname | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Mexico, United States |
| Region | lower Rio Grande |
| Ethnicity | Cotoname |
| Extinct | c. 1900 |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xcn |
xcn | |
| Glottolog | coto1248 |
Map indicating where Cotoname was spoken | |
All known primary witnesses to the Cotoname language were published in 2024.[3]
The following vocabulary list of Cotoname is from John Swanton (1940).[4]
| gloss | Cotoname |
|---|---|
| air | gurám |
| arm, right | katówan |
| arrow | ká-u |
| bad | kĕnáx, sá |
| bed | kắm |
| belly | kóx, kuwéle |
| below | éta |
| bird | komióm |
| bison | wiyá-u |
| black | baí (cf. night) |
| blade | ĕhiá-u |
| blanket, American | häwáss (cf. cold) |
| blood | sä'x |
| blow, to | pó-une |
| bow | kémma |
| boy | kuwósam |
| breast (female) | kĕnám |
| breechclout | xaguátema |
| buffalo | wiyá-u |
| cactus-fig | wámena |
| cane | ká-u |
| chair, a | náxe |
| chief | kapitán |
| cloth (a small piece of cloth) | huáxhe |
| cold | häwéss |
| come here! | sánxe |
| Comecrudo | Aranguá, xaíma |
| cow | wiyá-u |
| crane | karakór |
| cry, to | páma |
| dance, to | okáwe |
| day | ō' |
| daybreak | káma |
| deer | kĕmás |
| die, to | wátĕxo |
| dog | kowá-u |
| drink, to | xuáxe |
| dust | pó-una |
| earth | pén |
| east | otá-ume |
| eat, to | haháme |
| evening | ovx |
| eye | arókwan |
| face | makuát |
| far | huánpa |
| feathers | kuwai |
| female | nan |
| fire | mánĕx |
| flesh | kĕmás |
| fog | máyen |
| food | haháme |
| foot | ayésim |
| fox | kissá |
| girl | kuwósam |
| go over there! | awóyo! |
| goat | kápĕra |
| good | kĕnáx |
| goose | krák |
| grass | suá-u |
| great | katám |
| gun | komióp |
| guts | kuwéle |
| hair | makuát |
| handkerchief | huáxhe |
| hare | gamáro |
| hat | garópa |
| head | makuát |
| high | katám |
| hog | esmók |
| horn | yómo |
| horse | kokátere |
| Indian, an | xaíma |
| infant | huwáxe |
| iron | komióp |
| Karankawa | Aranguá |
| kill, to | wátxuka |
| knife | komiópo |
| knife (for cutting leather) | ĕhiá-u |
| land | pén |
| let us go! | awóyo |
| little | kuwósam |
| low (said of water) | xuắxe |
| maize | tawaló |
| maize-husk | wapxáp |
| male quadruped | yómo |
| man | xuaináxe |
| masticate, to | akwanámie |
| meat | kemás |
| mesquite-bush | dán |
| metate | komoí |
| milk | kĕnám |
| mouse | tsĕmáx |
| mud | pén |
| night | baí |
| no | sá |
| north | hayámta |
| nose | yá-ĕx |
| ox (young) | wiyá-u |
| painted (on body, face, etc.) | tháwĕ |
| peccary | kápio |
| Pintos (Indian tribe so called) | tháwĕ |
| pipe | pá-una |
| rabbit | kiáxhem |
| rat | tsĕmáx |
| red | msá-ĕ |
| reed | ká-u |
| rifle | komióp |
| Rio Grande river | áx̣, katám |
| river | áx̣, katám |
| run, to | mtára |
| salt | dá-än |
| scratch, to | átsiu |
| seat, a | náxe |
| sheep | séwuya |
| sing, to | koyáma |
| sit, to | páwe |
| sit down! | páwe |
| sleep, to | mátsĕkuka |
| small | kuwósam |
| smoke, to | pá-una, suá-u |
| snake | kiá-uxa |
| sombrero | garópa |
| south | séta |
| stand, to | páwia |
| star | kápra |
| stick | dópax |
| suck, to | huä'xle |
| sun | ō' |
| sweet | yáx |
| sweetmeats | yáx |
| tail (of animal) | ásuxuga |
| Tampacuás Indian | xaíma |
| tobacco | suá-u |
| tortilla | kamaplaí |
| tortoise | gapáx |
| tree | dópax |
| tuna | wámĕna |
| up the country | wéfta |
| velduque | ĕhiá-u |
| west | wéfta |
| what do you want? | titcháx mén? |
| water | áx̣ |
| weep, to | xákue |
| west | wéfta |
| white | mesó-i |
| wind | gurám |
| wings | miápa |
| within | kuwéle |
| wolf | kombóx |
| woman | katám |
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