Constance Babington Smith

Constance Babington Smith MBE, FRSL (15 October 1912 – 31 July 2000) was a British journalist and writer, but is probably best known for her wartime work in imagery intelligence.

Constance Babington Smith
Born	15 October 1912 Puttenham
Died	31 July 2000 Cambridge
Resting place	Cambridge City Cemetery
Nationality	British

Lady Elizabeth Babington Smith

Early life

Constance Babington Smith was born on 15 October 1912 at Beech Law, Puttenham, Surrey. She was the daughter of the senior civil servant Sir Henry Babington Smith, a scion of the Babington family.^[1] Her mother, born Lady Elizabeth Bruce, was the eldest daughter of the 9th Earl of Elgin, making Constance a granddaughter of a Viceroy of India^[2] and a great-great-granddaughter of the man who bought the Elgin Marbles. Constance came from a large family and was the seventh of nine children. Her father died in 1923, when she was ten.^[3] By then, her eldest brothers were already adults, whilst her youngest sister was just two years old.^[4]

She was educated at home at the family home 'Chinthurst', in Wonersh in Surrey. She finished her education in France and moved to London in adult life. A trained milliner, she worked for the milliner Aage Thaarup before the war^[5] and also Vogue magazine in London,

Sir Henry Babington Smith

When her mother Elizabeth became ill in the 1930s, Constance Babington Smith had to move to Weybridge to take care of her, a role often expected of the oldest unmarried daughter in a family. Brooklands aerodrome was nearby and she began to watch motor and air racing there as a distraction from her domestic duties. This stimulated an interest in aviation. On 23 December 1936 she ventured in to journalism by writing her first article as 'Babs' for The Aeroplane magazine.^[6]

War service

Her knowledge of aircraft took her into the Women's Auxiliary Air Force and photo intelligence in the Second World War. In December 1940, Babington Smith was in the fifth group of WAAFs trained in photographic interpretation in the top secret Photographic Development Unit, qualifying alongside Eve Holiday, and Ann McKnight Kauffer (daughter of the poster artist Edward McKnight Kauffer), initially based at Paduoc House, Wembley. She later worked alongside Sarah Oliver (Winston Churchill's daughter).^[7][8]

Babington Smith had created her own reference report of Italian aircraft which had impressed her Squadron Leader.^[9] The photographic interpretation work concentrated on ships but her expertise with aeroplanes led to her being asked in early 1941 to set up an aircraft recognition section. It was unusual for a WAAF officer to head her own section without an RAF officer alongside. A colleague there, Ursula Powys-Lybbe, later wrote that "Babs had sufficient strength of character, an extraordinary singleness of purpose together with total dedication to the task, mixed in with a modicum of determination necessary to be able to assume sole command of the new section"^[1] The unit moved from London in after multiple bombings and she served with the Central Interpretation Unit (CIU) at RAF Medmenham, Buckinghamshire, reaching the rank of Flight Officer. Serving alongside was her brother, Bernard Babington Smith (1905-1993), who was also a photo interpreter (PI) at Medmenham and head of the Night Photograph Section.^[7][8][1]

1943 RAF photo reconnaissance picture of Test Stand VII at the Peenemünde Army Research Center on the Baltic coast of Germany, a photograph of the sort that Babington Smith worked on

In 1942 she made an uncredited appearance in the Air Ministry feature film Target for Tonight, along with her fellow Medmenham colleague, Sqn Ldr Peter Riddell, and was Mentioned in Dispatches for her work.^[10]

Working on the interpretation of aerial reconnaissance photographs, Constance was credited with the discovery of the V1 at Peenemünde, Germany, making the initial identification in the summer of 1943 with full confirmation in December 1943. She challenged the preconceptions and initial dismissal of her interpretation of 'ski sites' by the Industry section at Medmenham and worked to prove that they were in fact launch ramps for the V1. 96 ramps were identified and subsequently destroyed by the Allies.^[9][11]

By 1944 the aircraft recognition section had eleven staff.^[1]

In 1945 she was awarded the MBE. Her brother, Bernard, was also honoured for his work at the CIU, receiving the OBE.

She was portrayed in the 1965 film Operation Crossbow by Sylvia Syms.

After VE-Day Constance was attached to USAAF Intelligence in Washington, D.C. to continue her work on photographic interpretation, this time for the Pacific theatre.

In 1946, the United States awarded her the Legion of Merit.

Later life

From 1946 to 1950 she was a researcher for Life Magazine. She later moved to Cambridge, where she converted to Greek Orthodoxy and become a writer and biographer.

Her war memoir Evidence in Camera was in 1957 the first comprehensive narrative of British photographic reconnaissance in the Second World War. Because it was published before the revelation of wartime code-breaking, this book may also have contained a measure of Cold War disinformation.^{[citation needed]}

Her cousin was the writer Rose Macaulay, of whom Babington Smith wrote a biography which was published in 1972.

She appeared in several episodes of the 1977 BBC TV series The Secret War, where she discussed her wartime work as a photo interpreter as it related to the subject of the episode.

Babington Smith was a founder and director of the Mosquito Memorial Appeal Fund, now the de Havilland Museum Trust.^[1]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Constance Babington Smith

16. Archibald Smith of Jordanhill 8. James Smith of Jordanhill 17. Isobel Euing 4. Archibald Smith 18. Alexander Wilson 9. Mary Wilson 19. 2. Sir Henry Babington Smith 20. Charles Stuart Parker 10. Sir James Parker 21. Mary Rainey 5. Susan Emma Parker 22. Thomas Babington 11. Mary Babington 23. Jean Macaulay 1. Constance Babington Smith 24. Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin 12. James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin 25. Mary Nisbet 6. Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin 26. John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham 13. Lady Mary Louisa Lambton 27. Lady Louisa Grey 3. Lady Elisabeth Mary Bruce 28. Sir James Carnegie, 5th Baronet 14. James Carnegie, 9th Earl of Southesk 29. Charlotte Lysons 7. Lady Constance Mary Carnegie 30. Charles Noel, 1st Earl of Gainsborough 15. Lady Catherine Hamilton Noel 31. Arabella Hamlyn-Williams

Bibliography

• How Photographic Detectives Solved Secret Weapons Mystery (LIFE, 28 October 1957)
• Evidence In Camera (1957) - published as Air Spy in the US
• Testing Time (1961)
• Amy Johnson (1961)
• Rose Macaulay (1972)
• John Masefield; a Life (1978)
• Iulia de Beausobre (1983)
• Champion of Homeopathy: the Life of Margery Blackie (1986)

References

1. Ford, Lily. Oxford dictionary of national biography. British Academy., Oxford University Press. (Online ed.). Oxford. doi:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.74536. ISBN 9780198614128. OCLC 56568095.
2. "Bruce, Victor Alexander, ninth earl of Elgin and thirteenth earl of Kincardine (1849–1917), politician and viceroy of India". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32136. Retrieved 18 December 2022. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
3. "Smith, Sir Henry Babington (1863–1923), civil servant and financier". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/36144. Retrieved 18 December 2022. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
4. "Lady Elisabeth Mary Babington Smith (née Bruce) with four of her daughters - National Portrait Gallery". www.npg.org.uk. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
5. Toomey, Philippa (18 November 1978). "From hats and a secret war to the life and work of a poet laureate". The Times. No. 60462.
6. "Constance Babington Smith (Obituary)". The Telegraph. 9 August 2000. Archived from the original on 23 February 2009. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
7. Babington Smtih, Constance (1957). Evidence in Camera: The Story of Photographic Intelligence in the Second World War. Sutton. pp. 96–97. ISBN 0750936487.
8. Downing, Taylor (2011). Spies in the Sky. Little Brown Hardbacks (A & C). pp. 121–122. ISBN 9781408702802.
9. Miller, Sarah-Louise (2023). The women behind the few the Women's Auxiliary Air Force and British intelligence during the Second World War. London. ISBN 978-1-78590-798-2. OCLC 1372580388.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
10. Babington Smtih, Constance (1957). Evidence in Camera: The Story of Photographic Intelligence in the Second World War. Sutton. p. 64. ISBN 0750936487.
11. Downing, Taylor (2011). Spies in the Sky. Little Brown Hardbacks (A & C). pp. 294–297. ISBN 9781408702802.

• Constance Babington Smith wearing her ' Spitfire' hat at the 1938 RAeS Garden Party, Heathrow (Fairey's Great West Aerodrome)

Further reading

• Van der Vat, Dan (12 August 2000). "Obituary: Constance Babington Smith". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 December 2012.