Conocephalus genus of bush crickets , known as coneheads (a term also sometimes applied to members of the related genus Ruspolia Carl Peter Thunberg in 1815.[1]
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Conocephalus albescens Conocephalus fuscus Conocephalus magdalenae
Conocephalus range from 10 to 27 mm in length, measured from head to wingtip. They can be distinguished from the related genus Orchelimum ovipositors of females usually being straight.[2]
The forewings vary in length. Some species always have short forewings, some usually have short forewings but occasionally have individuals with forewings longer than the abdomen, and some always have long forewings.[3]
Species can be distinguished by the shapes of the cerci (males) and ovipositor (females).[3]
Bush crickets of this genus live in fields and meadows, where they feed on leaves, flowers, pollen and seeds of grasses and forbs. They also sometimes prey on other insects. Females lay their eggs in grass stems.[2]
The Orthoptera Species File lists the following species, grouped into subgenera:[4]
Conocephalus (Amurocephalus) - subgenus: Storozhenko, 2004 (China)
Conocephalus chinensis Conocephalus (Anisoptera) - subgenus: Latreille, 1829 (Worldwide) - synonym Xiphidium Burmeister, 1838
Conocephalus aberrans (Redtenbacher, 1891) Conocephalus adustus (Redtenbacher, 1891) Conocephalus aigialus Rehn & Hebard, 1915 Conocephalus algerinorum Massa, 1999 Conocephalus angustifrons (Redtenbacher, 1891) Conocephalus angustivertex Pitkin, 1980 Conocephalus armatipes (Karsch, 1893) Conocephalus attenuatus (Scudder, 1869) Conocephalus bakeri (Karny, 1920) Conocephalus bechuanensis (Péringuey, 1916) Conocephalus beybienkoi Storozhenko, 1981 Conocephalus bidentatus Shi & Zheng, 1994 Conocephalus bilineatus (Erichson, 1842) Conocephalus bivittatus (Bolívar, 1900) Conocephalus borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897) Conocephalus borneensis (Redtenbacher, 1891) Conocephalus brevicercus (Karsch, 1893) Conocephalus brevipennis (Scudder, 1862) Conocephalus caudalis (Walker, 1869) Conocephalus chavesi (Bolívar, 1905) Conocephalus cinereus Thunberg, 1815 Conocephalus cognatus (Redtenbacher, 1891) Conocephalus concolor (Burmeister, 1838) Conocephalus decaspinosus Nagar & Swaminathan, 2016 Conocephalus denticercus (Karny, 1907) Conocephalus dorsalidentatus Li, Zhang & Shi, 2019 Conocephalus dorsalis (Latreille, 1804) Conocephalus ebneri Harz, 1966 Conocephalus equatorialis (Giglio-Tos, 1898) Conocephalus exemptus (Walker, 1869) Conocephalus exitiosus (McNeill, 1901) Conocephalus exsul (Karny, 1911) Conocephalus fasciatus (De Geer, 1773) Conocephalus flavus (Redtenbacher, 1891) Conocephalus formosus (Redtenbacher, 1891) Conocephalus fulmeki (Ebner, 1927) Conocephalus fuscus (Fabricius, 1793) : disputed synonym C. discolor (Thunberg, 1815) - long-winged ConeheadConocephalus gigantius (Matsumura & Shiraki, 1908) Conocephalus goianus Piza, 1977 Conocephalus gracilicercus Li & Shi, 2018 Conocephalus gracillimus Morse, 1901 Conocephalus guangdongensis Shi & Liang, 1997 Conocephalus hainanensis Shi & Wang, 2015 Conocephalus hastatus (Charpentier, 1825) Conocephalus hilli Farooqi & Usmani, 2019 Conocephalus honorei (Bolívar, 1900) Conocephalus hygrophilus Rehn & Hebard, 1915 Conocephalus ictus (Scudder, 1875) Conocephalus inconspicuus (Karny, 1920) Conocephalus infumatus (Redtenbacher, 1891) Conocephalus insularis (Morse, 1905) Conocephalus iriodes Rehn & Hebard, 1915 Conocephalus iris (Serville, 1838) Conocephalus japonicus (Redtenbacher, 1891) Conocephalus kisi Harz, 1967 Conocephalus kwasiphaiensis Nagar & Swaminathan, 2016 Conocephalus liangi Liu & Zhang, 2007 Conocephalus liebermanni Ebner, 1953 Conocephalus longipennis (Haan, 1843) Conocephalus maculatus (Le Guillou, 1841) Conocephalus magdalenae Naskrecki, 2000 Conocephalus meadowsae Harz, 1970 Conocephalus melaenus (Haan, 1843) Conocephalus nanlingensis Li, Xin & Shi, 2019 Conocephalus nemoralis (Scudder, 1875) Conocephalus nigropleuroides Fox, 1912 Conocephalus nigropleurum (Bruner, 1891) Conocephalus occidentalis (Morse, 1901) Conocephalus oceanicus (Le Guillou, 1841) Conocephalus ochrotelus Rehn & Hebard, 1915 Conocephalus percaudatus Bey-Bienko, 1955 Conocephalus peringueyi Uvarov, 1928 Conocephalus pictus (Redtenbacher, 1891) Conocephalus recticaudus Bruner, 1915 Conocephalus redtenbacheri (Bolívar, 1905) Conocephalus rentzi Farooqi & Usmani, 2018 Conocephalus resacensis Rehn & Hebard, 1915 Conocephalus resinus (Saussure & Pictet, 1898) Conocephalus rhodesianus (Péringuey, 1916) Conocephalus saltator (Saussure, 1859) Conocephalus semivittatus (Walker, 1869) Conocephalus semraensis Farooqi & Usmani, 2021 Conocephalus shanghaiensis Zhou, Bi & Liu, 2010 Conocephalus signatus (Redtenbacher, 1891) Conocephalus spartinae (Fox, 1912) Conocephalus spinosus (Morse, 1901) Conocephalus starmuehlneri Kaltenbach, 1968 Conocephalus strictus (Scudder, 1875) Conocephalus trifasciatus (Redtenbacher, 1891) Conocephalus trivittatus (Stål, 1861) Conocephalus truncatus (Redtenbacher, 1891) Conocephalus tumidus Pitkin, 1980 Conocephalus tumultuosus Willemse, 1942 Conocephalus unicolor Bruner, 1915 Conocephalus versicolor (Redtenbacher, 1891) Conocephalus vestitus (Redtenbacher, 1891) Conocephalus willemsei Pitkin, 1980 Conocephalus yunnanensis Shi & Feng, 2009
Conocephalus (Aphauropus) - subgenus: Rehn & Hebard, 1915 (central America)
Conocephalus leptopterus Conocephalus (Chloroxiphidion) - subgenus: Hebard, 1922 (Africa, Australasia: probably incomplete)
Conocephalus albescens Conocephalus bituberculatus Conocephalus dubius Conocephalus javanicus Conocephalus laetus Conocephalus striata Conocephalus upoluensis Conocephalus vaginatus Conocephalus (Conocephalus) - subgenus: Thunberg, 1815 (Worldwide)
Conocephalus bambusanus Ingrisch, 1990 (synonym C. abispinatus Hsia & Liu, 1990 )Conocephalus basutoanus Chopard, 1955 Conocephalus bispinatus Pitkin, 1980 Conocephalus brevivalvus (Shi, Wang & Fu, 2005) Conocephalus brincki Chopard, 1955 Conocephalus conocephalus (Linnaeus, 1767) type species (as Gryllus conocephalus L.)Conocephalus differentus Shi & Liang, 1997 Conocephalus emeiensis Shi & Zheng, 1999 Conocephalus lugubris (Redtenbacher, 1891) Conocephalus obtectus Karny, 1907 Conocephalus saltans (Scudder, 1872) Conocephalus somali (Burr, 1900) Conocephalus sulcifrontis Xia & Liu, 1992 Conocephalus tridens Hebard, 1933 Conocephalus xiai Liu & Zhang, 2007
Conocephalus (Dicellurina) - subgenus: Rehn & Hebard, 1938 (eastern USA)
Conocephalus allardi
- subgenus: Karny, 1907 (southern Africa, Madagascar)
Conocephalus longiceps Conocephalus marcelloi Conocephalus montana Conocephalus namibius Conocephalus nigrifrons Conocephalus parvula Conocephalus phasma Conocephalus vaginalis Conocephalus xiphidioides Conocephalus zlobini Conocephalus (Opeastylus) - subgenus: Rehn & Hebard, 1915 (southern America)
Conocephalus longipes Conocephalus vitticollis Conocephalus (Perissacanthus) - subgenus: Rehn & Hebard, 1915 (Paraguay)
Conocephalus strictoides Conocephalus (Xenocerculus ) - subgenus: Rubio & Braun 2024 (Argentina)
Conocephalus tuyu subgenus not assigned
Conocephalus aculeatus Conocephalus affinis Conocephalus goianus Conocephalus algerinorum Conocephalus cinereus Conocephalus differentus Conocephalus emeiensis Conocephalus halophilus Conocephalus melaenoides Conocephalus sojolensis Conocephalus spinosus Conocephalus stictomerus
Thunberg CP (1815) Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Peterburg 5:214, 218, 271.
