Commander of the Eastern Command (Pakistan)
Former Pakistani army position From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Commander of the Eastern Command was a senior military position in the Pakistan Army, the post was given to a lieutenant General who was head of the Eastern Command of the Pakistan Army and responsible for overseeing the military operations and administration in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). This role existed from 1969 to 1971, during the Military Dictatorship of Yahya Khan with the position gaining prominence during the Bangladesh Liberation War. The office of the Commander of Eastern Command was abolished following the defeat and surrender of Pakistan's military forces in East Pakistan during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 on 16 December 1971.
| Commander of the Eastern Command | |
|---|---|
| چیف آف اسٹاف পাকিস্তানের পূর্বাঞ্চলীয় কমান্ডার | |
Flag of the Pakistan Army | |
| Ministry of Defence | |
| Abbreviation | CEC |
| Member of | General Headquarters GHQ Army Eastern Command |
| Residence | Dacca Cantonment, East Pakistan, Pakistan (now Dhaka, Bangladesh) |
| Nominator | C-in-C Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan) |
| Appointer | President of Pakistan |
| Term length | Not fixed |
| Constituting instrument | Article |
| Precursor | Commander of III Corps |
| Formation | 23 August 1969 |
| First holder | Sahabzada Yaqub Khan |
| Final holder | A.A.K. Niazi |
| Abolished | 16 December 1971 |
| Succession | Army Chief of Bangladesh |
| Deputy | Chief Martial Law Admin Chief of the General Staff |
Background
The position was created in 1969 under General Yahya Khan, who came to power after the 1968–69 Pakistan revolution in which Field Marshal Ayub Khan was forced to resign.[1]
The decade-long regime of Ayub Khan had caused tensions to grow in East Pakistan. This led to increasing demands for autonomy by the Bengali population.[2]
In 1971, the role became central to the military's strategy to suppress the growing insurgency and political unrest following the 1970 Pakistani general election, in which the All-Pakistan Awami League, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, won a landslide victory.[3]
The final Commander of Eastern Command, Lieutenant-General A.A.K. Niazi, surrendered to the Indian Army and Mukti Bahini forces on 16 December 1971, marking the end of the Bangladesh Liberation War and the creation of an Independent Bangladesh.
Role and Responsibilities
The Commander of Eastern Command served as the chief military officer in East Pakistan, tasked with maintaining law and order, managing counter-insurgency operations, and overseeing the defense of the region.[4] During the 1971 crisis, the role expanded to include coordination of military operations against the Mukti Bahini (the Bengali nationalist forces) and managing relations with the civilian administration of East Pakistan.[5]
The Commander reported directly to the Chief of Staff, General Hamid Khan, in Rawalpindi and worked closely with the President of Pakistan, General Yahya Khan and the central government.[6] During martial law, the Commander of Eastern Command often held significant political authority in addition to their military role.[7]
List of Commanders
| No. | Portrait | Commander Eastern Command | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Notable Facts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Lieutenant General Yaqub Khan (1920–2016) | 1 September 1969 | 7 March 1971 | 1 year, 187 days | Resigned from his post in March 1971 due to his opposition to the military crackdown in East Pakistan. | |
| 02 | Lieutenant General Tikka Khan (1915–2002) | 7 March 1971 | 10 April 1971 | 34 days | Known as “Butcher of Bengal” for initiating Operation Searchlight to suppress dissent. | |
| 03 | Lieutenant General A.A.K. Niazi (1915–2004) | 10 April 1971 | 16 December 1971 | 250 days | Commander during insurgency, Signed the instrument of surrender, marking the end of East Pakistan. |
Notable events
- Operation Searchlight (March 1971): Initiated by Lieutenant General Tikka Khan, this military operation aimed to suppress the Bengali nationalist movement but resulted in widespread atrocities and increased resistance from the Mukti Bahini.[8]
- Bangladesh Liberation War (April – December 1971): The Eastern Command, under Lieutenant General A. A. K. Niazi, faced a full-scale insurgency supported by India, leading to a decisive defeat and the surrender of 93,000 Pakistani troops in December 1971.
References
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