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General elections were held in Pakistan on 7 December 1970 to elect members of the National Assembly. They were the first direct general elections since the independence of Pakistan and ultimately the only ones held prior to the independence of Bangladesh. Voting took place in 300 general constituencies, of which 162 were in East Pakistan and 138 in West Pakistan. A further thirteen seats were reserved for women (seven of which were in East Pakistan and six of which were in West Pakistan), who were to be elected by members of the National Assembly.[1]
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300 of the 313 seats in the National Assembly 151 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Registered | 56,941,500 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 57.96% | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Results by constituency | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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The elections were a fierce contest between two social democratic parties, the west-based Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and the east-based All-Pakistan Awami League. The Awami League was the sole major party in the east wing, while in the west wing, the PPP faced severe competition from the conservative factions of Muslim League, the largest of which was Muslim League (Qayyum), as well as Islamist parties like Jamaat-e-Islami (JI), Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (JUI) and Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan (JUP).
The result was a victory for the Awami League, which gained an absolute majority, winning 160 of the 162 general seats and all seven women's seats in East Pakistan. The PPP won only 81 general seats and five women's seats, all in West Pakistan. In the provincial elections held ten days later, the Awami League again dominated in East Pakistan, while the PPP were the winning party in Punjab and Sindh. The Marxist National Awami Party emerged victorious in Northwest Frontier Province and Balochistan.
The National Assembly was initially not inaugurated as President Yahya Khan and the PPP chairman Zulfikar Ali Bhutto did not want a party from East Pakistan in federal government.[2] Instead, Yahya appointed the veteran Bengali politician Nurul Amin as Prime Minister, asking him to reach a compromise between the PPP and Awami League. However, this move failed as the delay in inauguration had already caused significant unrest in East Pakistan. The situation deteriorated further when Operation Searchlight occurred under the orders of Yahya resulting in a civil war that led to the formation of the independent state of Bangladesh.[3] The Assembly was eventually inaugurated in 1972 after Yahya resigned and handed power to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Bhutto became Prime Minister in 1973 after the post was recreated by a new constitution.
On 23 March 1956 Pakistan changed from being a Dominion of the British Commonwealth and became an Islamic republic after framing its own constitution. Although the first general elections were scheduled for early 1959, severe political instability led President Iskander Mirza to abrogate the constitution on 7 October 1958. Mirza imposed martial law and handed power to the Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army, General Muhammad Ayub Khan. After assuming presidency, President Ayub Khan promoted himself to the rank of Field marshal and appointed General Muhammad Musa Khan as the new Commander-in-Chief.
On 17 February 1960 President Ayub Khan appointed a commission under Muhammad Shahabuddin, the Chief Justice of Pakistan, to report a political framework for the country. The commission submitted its report on 29 April 1961 and, on the basis of this report, a new constitution was framed on 1 March 1962. The new constitution declared the country the Republic of Pakistan and brought about a presidential system of government, replacing the parliamentary system of the 1956 constitution. The electoral system was made indirect, and the "basic democrats" were declared electoral college for the purpose of electing members of the National and Provincial Assemblies. Under the new system, presidential elections were held on 2 January 1965 which resulted in a victory for Ayub Khan. As years went by, political opposition against President Ayub Khan mounted. In East Pakistan, leader of the Awami League, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, was one of the key leaders to rally opposition to President Ayub Khan. In 1966, he began the Six point movement for East Pakistani autonomy.[citation needed]
In 1968 Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was charged with sedition after the government of President Ayub Khan accused him for conspiring with India against the stability of Pakistan.[4] While a conspiracy between Mujib and India for East Pakistan's secession was not itself conclusively proven,[5] it is known that Mujib and the Awami League had held secret meetings with Indian government officials in 1962 and after the 1965 war.[6] This case led to an uprising in East Pakistan which consisted of a series of mass demonstrations and sporadic conflicts between the government forces and protesters.[4] In West Pakistan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who served as foreign minister under President Ayub Khan, resigned from his office and founded the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) in 1967. The socialist political party took up opposition to President Ayub Khan as well.
Ayub Khan succumbed to political pressure on 26 March 1969 and handed power to the Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army, General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan. President Yahya Khan imposed martial law and the 1962 Constitution was abrogated. On 31 March 1970, President Yahya Khan announced a Legal Framework Order (LFO) which called for direct elections for a unicameral legislature. Many in the West feared the East wing's demand for countrywide provincial autonomy.[7] The purpose of the LFO was to secure the future Constitution which would be written after the election[8] so that it would include safeguards such as preserving Pakistan's territorial integrity and Islamic ideology.[9]
The integrated province of West Pakistan formed on 22 November 1954 was abolished and four provinces were retrieved: Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan and the North-West Frontier Province. The principles of representation was made on the basis of population, and since East Pakistan had more people than the combined population of the four provinces of West Pakistan, the former got more than half seats in the National Assembly. Yahya Khan ignored reports that Sheikh Mujib planned to disregard the LFO and that India was increasingly interfering in East Pakistan.[10] Nor did he believe that the Awami League would actually sweep the elections in East Pakistan.[11]
A month before the elections the Bhola cyclone struck East Pakistan. This was the deadliest tropical cyclone in world history, killing an estimated 500,000 people. The government was severely criticised for its response to the disaster.
The general elections of 1970 are considered one of the fairest and cleanest elections in the history of Pakistan, with about twenty-four political parties taking part. The Awami League, a Bengali nationalist party dominated East Pakistan, while in the West the Pakistan Peoples Party, a leftist and nominally democratic socialist party, was a major power. The Pakistani government supported the pro-Islamic parties since they were committed to strong federalism.[12] The Jamaat-e-Islami suspected that the Awami League had secessionist intentions.[13]
The continuous public meetings of the Awami League in East Pakistan and the Pakistan Peoples Party in Western Pakistan attracted huge crowds. The Awami League, a Bengali nationalist party, mobilised support in East Pakistan on the basis of its Six-Points Program (SPP), which was the main attraction in the party's manifesto. In East Pakistan, a huge majority of the Bengali nation favoured the Awami League, under Sheikh Mujib. The party received a huge percentage of the popular vote in East Pakistan and emerged as the largest party in the nation as a whole, gaining the exclusive mandate of Pakistan in terms both of seats and of votes.
The Pakistan Peoples Party failed to win any seats in the east. On the other hand, the Awami League failed to garner any seats in the west.[14] The Awami League's failure to win any seats in the west was used by the leftists led by Zulfikar Bhutto who argued that Mujib had received "no mandate or support from West Pakistan" (ignoring the fact that he himself did not win any seat in East Pakistan).[citation needed]
Bhutto uttered his infamous phrase "idhar hum, udhar tum" (We rule here, you rule there) – thus dividing Pakistan for the first time orally.[15]
Some Bengalis sided with the Pakistan Peoples' Party and tacitly or openly supported Bhutto and the democratic socialists, such as Jalaludin Abdur Rahim, an influential Bengali in Pakistan and mentor of Bhutto[citation needed] who was later jailed by Bhutto. Jamat-e-Islami, while supporting allowing the Awami League to form a government, was also against the fragmentation of the country. Conversely, several prominent figures from West Pakistan supported allowing the Awami League to rule, including the poet Faiz Ahmad Faiz and rights activist Malik Ghulam Jilani, father of Asma Jahangir, G.M Syed the founder of Sindhi nationalist party Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz (JSQM) and Abul Ala Maududi, the leader of Jamat-e-Islami.
However, the political position in West Pakistan was completely different from East Pakistan. In West Pakistan, the population was divided between different ideological forces. The right-wing parties, led under Abul Maududi, raised the religious slogans and initially campaigned on an Islamic platform, further promising to enforce Sharia laws in the country. Meanwhile, the founding party of Pakistan and the national conservative Muslim League, that although was divided into three factions (QML, CML, MLC), campaigned on a nationalist platform, promising to initiate the Jinnah reforms as originally envisioned by Jinnah and others in the 1940s. The factions however criticised each other for disobeying the rules laid down by the country's founding father.
The dynamic leadership and charismatic personality of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was highly active and influential in West Pakistan during these days. Bhutto's ideas and the famous slogan "Roti Kapra Aur Makaan" ("Food, Clothing and Shelter") attracted poor communities, students, and the working class to his party. Under Bhutto's leadership the democratic left gathered and united into one party platform for the first time in Pakistan's history. Bhutto and the left-leaning elements attracted the people of the West to participate and vote for the Peoples Party based on a broad hope for a better future for their children and families. As compared to the right-wing and conservatives in West Pakistan, Bhutto and his allies won most of the popular vote, becoming the pre-eminent players in the politics of the West.
A total of 1,957 candidates filed nomination papers for the 300 National Assembly seats. After scrutiny and withdrawals, 1,579 eventually contested the elections. The Awami League ran 170 candidates, of which 162 were for constituencies in East Pakistan. Jamaat-e-Islami had the second-highest number of candidates with 151. The Pakistan Peoples Party ran only 120 candidates, of which 103 were from constituencies in Punjab and Sindh, and none in East Pakistan. The PML (Convention) ran 124 candidates, the PML (Council) 119 and the PML (Qayyum) 133.
All thirteen women's seats were uncontested.[16]
The government claimed a high level of public participation and a voter turnout of almost 63%. The total number of registered voters in the country was 56,941,500 of which 31,211,220 were from East Pakistan and 25,730,280 were from West Pakistan.
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |||||
| General | Women | Total | ||||||
| All-Pakistan Awami League | 12,937,162 | 39.20 | 160 | 7 | 167 | |||
| Pakistan Peoples Party | 6,148,923 | 18.63 | 81 | 5 | 86 | |||
| Jamaat-e-Islami | 1,989,461 | 6.03 | 4 | 0 | 4 | |||
| Council Muslim League | 1,965,689 | 5.96 | 7 | 0 | 7 | |||
| Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) | 1,473,749 | 4.47 | 9 | 0 | 9 | |||
| Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam | 1,315,071 | 3.98 | 7 | 0 | 7 | |||
| Markazi Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan | 1,299,858 | 3.94 | 7 | 0 | 7 | |||
| Convention Muslim League | 1,102,815 | 3.34 | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
| National Awami Party (Wali) | 801,355 | 2.43 | 6 | 1 | 7 | |||
| Pakistan Democratic Party | 737,958 | 2.24 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (Thanvi) | 521,764 | 1.58 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Other parties | 387,919 | 1.18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Independents | 2,322,341 | 7.04 | 16 | 0 | 16 | |||
| Total | 33,004,065 | 100.00 | 300 | 13 | 313 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 56,941,500 | – | ||||||
| Source: Nohlen et al.,[17] Bangladesh Documents | ||||||||
List of members in East Bengal:[18][19]
| Constituency | Party | Member |
|---|---|---|
| NE-1 (Rangpur-I) | Awami League | Mazahar Hossain |
| NE-2 (Rangpur-II) | Awami League | Md. Reazuddin Ahmed |
| NE-3 (Rangpur-III) | Awami League | Mohammad Sadakat Hossain |
| NE-4 (Rangpur-IV) | Awami League | Lutfor Rahman |
| NE-5 (Rangpur-V) | Awami League | Shah Abdul Hamid |
| NE-6 (Rangpur-VI) | Awami League | Mohammad Abu Solaiman Mondal |
| NE-7 (Rangpur-VII) | Awami League | Mohammad Azizur Rahman |
| NE-8 (Rangpur-VIII) | Awami League | Mohammad Nural Haq |
| NE-9 (Rangpur-IX) | Awami League | Abdul Awal |
| NE-10 (Rangpur-X) | Awami League | Matiur Rahman |
| NE-11 (Rangpur-XI) | Awami League | Abdur Rouf |
| NE-12 (Rangpur-XII) | Awami League | Afsar Ali Ahmed |
| NE-13 (Dinajpur-I) | Awami League | Musharraf Husayn Chowdhury |
| NE-14 (Dinajpur-II) | Awami League | Adv. Azizur Rahman |
| NE-15 (Dinajpur-III) | Awami League | Mohammad Moksed Ali |
| NE-16 (Dinajpur-IV) | Awami League | Muhammad Yusuf Ali |
| NE-17 (Dinajpur-V) | Awami League | Shah Mahatab Ahmad |
| NE-18 (Dinajpur-VI) | Awami League | Wakiluddin Mondal |
| NE-19 (Bogra-I) | Awami League | Mafiz Ali Chowdhury |
| NE-20 (Bogra-II) | Awami League | Mujibur Rahman Mondal |
| NE-21 (Bogra-III) | Awami League | Akbar Ali Khan Chowdhury |
| NE-22 (Bogra-IV) | Awami League | Mohammad Habibur Rahman |
| NE-23 (Bogra-V) | Awami League | Zahidur Rahman |
| NE-24 (Pabna-I) | Awami League | Motahar Hossain Talukdar |
| NE-25 (Pabna-II) | Awami League | Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish |
| NE-26 (Pabna-III) | Awami League | Abdul Momin Talukdar |
| NE-27 (Pabna-IV) | Awami League | Syed Hossain Mansur |
| NE-28 (Pabna-V) | Awami League | Abu Sayeed |
| NE-29 (Pabna-VI) | Awami League | Amjad Hossain |
| NE-30 (Rajshahi-I) | Awami League | Atowar Rahman Talukder |
| NE-31 (Rajshahi-II) | Awami League | Azizar Rahman |
| NE-32 (Rajshahi-III) | Awami League | Mohammad Baitullah |
| NE-33 (Rajshahi-IV) | Awami League | Khalid Ali Mia |
| NE-34 (Rajshahi-V) | Awami League | Raisud-Din Ahmed |
| NE-35 (Rajshahi-VI) | Awami League | Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman |
| NE-36 (Rajshahi-VII) | Awami League | Shah Muhammad Zafarullah |
| NE-37 (Rajshahi-VIII) | Awami League | Nazmul Hoque Sarkar |
| NE-38 (Rajshahi-IX) | Awami League | Sheikh Mobarak Hossain |
| NE-39 (Kushtia-I) | Awami League | M Amir-ul Islam |
| NE-40 (Kushtia-II) | Awami League | Azizur Rahman Akkas |
| NE-41 (Kushtia-III) | Awami League | Mohammad Shahiduddin |
| NE-42 (Kushtia-IV) | Awami League | Abzalur Rashid |
| NE-43 (Jessore-I) | Awami League | Md. Kamruzzaman |
| NE-44 (Jessore-II) | Awami League | Iqbal Anwar Islam |
| NE-45 (Jessore-III) | Awami League | Masihur Rahman |
| NE-46 (Jessore-IV) | Awami League | Subodh Kumar Mitra |
| NE-47 (Jessore-V) | Awami League | Raushan Ali |
| NE-48 (Jessore-VI) | Awami League | Muhammad Sohrab Hossain |
| NE-49 (Jessore-VII) | Awami League | Khandaker Abdul Hafeez |
| NE-50 (Khulna-I) | Awami League | Abul Khayr Shiqdar |
| NE-51 (Khulna-II) | Awami League | Sheikh Abdul Aziz |
| NE-52 (Khulna-III) | Awami League | Lutfar Rahman |
| NE-53 (Khulna-IV) | Awami League | Muhammad Abdul Ghafur |
| NE-54 (Khulna-V) | Awami League | Mohammad Mohsin |
| NE-55 (Khulna-VI) | Awami League | Salahuddin Yusuf |
| NE-56 (Khulna-VII) | Awami League | Muhammad Abdul Ghaffar |
| NE-57 (Khulna-VIII) | Awami League | Syed Kamal Bakht |
| NE-58 (Bakerganj-I) | Awami League | Abdur Rab Serniabat |
| NE-59 (Bakerganj-II) | Awami League | Salehuddin Ahmed |
| NE-60 (Bakerganj-III) | Awami League | Nurul Islam Manzur |
| NE-61 (Bakerganj-IV) | Awami League | Mohammad Abdul Barek |
| NE-62 (Bakerganj-V) | Awami League | Abdul Mannan Howlader |
| NE-63 (Bakerganj-VI) | Awami League | Tofail Ahmed |
| NE-64 (Bakerganj-VII) | Awami League | Azahar Uddin Ahmed |
| NE-65 (Bakerganj-VIII) | Awami League | A K Faezul Huq |
| NE-66 (Bakerganj-IX) | Awami League | Enayet Hossain Khan |
| NE-67 (Bakerganj-cum-Patuakhali) | Awami League | Md. Shamsul Huq |
| NE-68 (Patuakhali-I) | Awami League | Golam Ahad Chowdhury |
| NE-69 (Patuakhali-II) | Awami League | Abdul Hady Talukder |
| NE-70 (Patuakhali-III) | Awami League | Asmat Ali Sikder |
| NE-71 (Tangail-I) | Awami League | Abdul Mannan |
| NE-72 (Tangail-II) | Awami League | Shaukat Ali Khan |
| NE-73 (Tangail-III) | Awami League | Humayun Khalid |
| NE-74 (Tangail-IV) | Awami League | Hatem Ali Talukdar |
| NE-75 (Tangail-V) | Awami League | Shamsur Rahman Khan Shahjahan |
| NE-76 (Mymensingh-I) | Awami League | Mohammad Abdus Samad |
| NE-77 (Mymensingh-II) | Awami League | Karimuzzaman Talukder |
| NE-78 (Mymensingh-III) | Awami League | Mohammad Abdul Hakim |
| NE-79 (Mymensingh-IV) | Awami League | Anisur Rahman |
| NE-80 (Mymensingh-V) | Awami League | Abdul Hakim Sarkar |
| NE-81 (Mymensingh-VI) | Awami League | Musharraf Husayn Akhand |
| NE-82 (Mymensingh-VII) | Awami League | Ibrahim Sarkar |
| NE-83 (Mymensingh-VIII) | Pakistan Democratic Party | Nurul Amin |
| NE-84 (Mymensingh-IX) | Awami League | Syed Abdus Sultan |
| NE-85 (Mymensingh-X) | Awami League | ANM Nazrul Islam |
| NE-86 (Mymensingh-XI) | Awami League | Mohammad Shamsul Huda |
| NE-87 (Mymensingh-XII) | Awami League | Sadir Uddin Ahmed |
| NE-88 (Mymensingh-XIII) | Awami League | Abdul Momin Taluqdar |
| NE-89 (Mymensingh-XIV) | Awami League | Zubed Ali |
| NE-90 (Mymensingh-XV) | Awami League | Asaduzzaman Khan |
| NE-91 (Mymensingh-XVI) | Awami League | Zillur Rahman |
| NE-92 (Mymensingh-XVII) | Awami League | Syed Nazrul Islam |
| NE-93 (Mymensingh-XVIII) | Awami League | Mohammad Abdul Hamid |
| NE-94 (Faridpur-I) | Awami League | A.B.M. Nurul Islam |
| NE-95 (Faridpur-II) | Awami League | Syed Qumrul Islam Saleh Uddin |
| NE-96 (Faridpur-III) | Awami League | KM Obaidur Rahman |
| NE-97 (Faridpur-IV) | Awami League | Shamsuddin Mollah |
| NE-98 (Faridpur-V) | Awami League | Mohammad Abul Khayer |
| NE-99 (Faridpur-VI) | Awami League | Mollah Jalaluddin Ahmed |
| NE-100 (Faridpur-VII) | Awami League | Adeluddin Ahmad |
| NE-101 (Faridpur-VIII) | Awami League | Amjad Husayn Khan |
| NE-102 (Faridpur-IX) | Awami League | Abidur Reza Khan |
| NE-103 (Faridpur-X) | Awami League | M. A. Kasem |
| NE-104 (Dacca-I) | Awami League | Mohammed Nurul Islam |
| NE-105 (Dacca-II) | Awami League | Moslem Uddin Khan |
| NE-106 (Dacca-III) | Awami League | Khandaker Nurul Islam |
| NE-107 (Dacca-IV) | Awami League | Shamsul Haq |
| NE-108 (Dacca-V) | Awami League | Tajuddin Ahmad |
| NE-109 (Dacca-VI) | Awami League | Ashraf Ali Chowdhury |
| NE-110 (Dacca-VII) | Awami League | Zahir Uddin |
| NE-111 (Dacca-VIII) | Awami League | Sheikh Mujibur Rahman |
| NE-112 (Dacca-IX) | Awami League | Kamal Hossain |
| NE-113 (Dacca-X) | Awami League | Fazlur Rahman Bhuiyan |
| NE-114 (Dacca-XI) | Awami League | Aftab Uddin Bhuiyan |
| NE-115 (Dacca-XII) | Awami League | Abdur Razzaq Bhuiyan |
| NE-116 (Dacca-XIII) | Awami League | Shahar Ali Mia |
| NE-117 (Dacca-XIV) | Awami League | AKM Samsuzzoha |
| NE-118 (Dacca-XV) | Awami League | Kafiluddin Chowdhury |
| NE-119 (Dacca-XVI) | Awami League | Abdul Karim Bepari |
| NE-120 (Sylhet-I) | Awami League | Mostafa Ali |
| NE-121 (Sylhet-II) | Awami League | Mohammad Abdur Rab |
| NE-122 (Sylhet-III) | Awami League | Latifur Rahman Chowdhury |
| NE-123 (Sylhet-IV) | Awami League | Mohammad Elias |
| NE-124 (Sylhet-V) | Awami League | Abdul Muntaquim Chaudhury |
| NE-125 (Sylhet-VI) | Awami League | M. A. G. Osmani |
| NE-126 (Sylhet-VII) | Awami League | Abdur Rahim |
| NE-127 (Sylhet-VIII) | Awami League | Dewan Farid Gazi |
| NE-128 (Sylhet-IX) | Awami League | Abdul Hoque |
| NE-129 (Sylhet-X) | Awami League | Abdus Samad Azad |
| NE-130 (Sylhet-XI) | Awami League | D. M. H Obaidur Raza Chowdhury |
| NE-131 (Comilla-I) | Awami League | Taheruddin Thakur |
| NE-132 (Comilla-II) | Awami League | Ali Azam |
| NE-133 (Comilla-III) | Awami League | Dewan Abul Abbas |
| NE-134 (Comilla-IV) | Awami League | Serajul Huq |
| NE-135 (Comilla-V) | Awami League | Khurshed Alam |
| NE-136 (Comilla-VI) | Awami League | Kazi Zahirul Qayyum |
| NE-137 (Comilla-VII) | Awami League | Ahmad Khaliq |
| NE-138 (Comilla-VIII) | Awami League | Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad |
| NE-139 (Comilla-IX) | Awami League | Md Abul Hashem |
| NE-140 (Comilla-X) | Awami League | Muhammad Shujat Ali |
| NE-141 (Comilla-XI) | Awami League | Abdul Awal |
| NE-142 (Comilla-XII) | Awami League | Hafez Habibur Rahman |
| NE-143 (Comilla-XIII) | Awami League | Muhammad Waliullah |
| NE-144 (Comilla-XIV) | Awami League | Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury |
| NE-145 (Noakhali-I) | Awami League | Obaidullah Majumdar |
| NE-146 (Noakhali-II) | Awami League | Khawaja Ahmed |
| NE-147 (Noakhali-III) | Awami League | Nurul Haque |
| NE-148 (Noakhali-IV) | Awami League | Abdul Malek Ukil |
| NE-149 (Noakhali-V) | Awami League | Delwar Hussain |
| NE-150 (Noakhali-VI) | Awami League | Khalid Muhammad Ali |
| NE-151 (Noakhali-VII) | Awami League | Md. Hanif |
| NE-152 (Noakhali-VIII) | Awami League | Abdur Rashid |
| NE-153 (Chittagong-I) | Awami League | Mustafizur Rahman Siddiqi |
| NE-154 (Chittagong-II) | Awami League | Muhammad Abdul Majid |
| NE-155 (Chittagong-III) | Awami League | Mohammad Idris |
| NE-156 (Chittagong-IV) | Awami League | Syed Fazlul Haq |
| NE-157 (Chittagong-V) | Awami League | Mohammad Khaled |
| NE-158 (Chittagong-VI) | Awami League | Nurul Islam Chowdhury |
| NE-159 (Chittagong-VII) | Awami League | Ataur Rahman Khan Kaiser |
| NE-160 (Chittagong-VIII) | Awami League | Abu Saleh Mia |
| NE-161 (Chittagong-IX) | Awami League | Nur Ahmad Sawdagar |
| NE-162 (Hill Tracts) | Independent | Tridev Roy |
List of members from Punjab, Sindh, North West Frontier Province, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and Balochistan:[20][21]
| Constituency | Party | Member |
|---|---|---|
| NW-1 Peshawar-I | Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) | Abdul Qayyum Khan (vacated) Yusuf Khattak (by-election) |
| NW-2 Peshawar-II | National Awami Party (Wali) | Ghulam Faruque Khan |
| NW-3 Peshawar-III | National Awami Party (Wali) | Abdul Wali Khan |
| NW-4 Peshawar-IV | Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam | Abdul Haq Akorwi |
| NW-5 Hazara-I | Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam | Abdul Hakeem |
| NW-6 Hazara-II | Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam | Ghulam Ghaus Hazarvi |
| NW-7 Hazara-III | Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) | Sardar Inayatur Rehman Khan Abbasi |
| NW-8 Hazara-IV | Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) | Abdul Qayyum Khan |
| NW-9 Mardan-I | Pakistan People's Party | Abdul Khaliq Khan |
| NW-10 Mardan-II | National Awami Party (Wali) | Ameerzada Khan (vacated) |
| NW-10 Mardan-II | Umra Khan (by election) | |
| NW-11 (Mardan cum Hazara) | Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) | Abdul Qayyum Khan (vacated) |
| NW-11 (Mardan cum Hazara) | Muhammad Hanif Khan (by election) | |
| NW-12 (Kohat) | Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam | Moulvi Naimatullah |
| NW-13 (Dera Ismail Khan) | Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam | Mufti Mehmood |
| NW-14 (Bannu) | Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam | Moulana Sadar us Shahid |
| NW-15 (Chitral cum Dir) | Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) | Jafar Ali Shah |
| NW-16 (Swat-I) | Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) | Rahim Shah |
| NW-17 (Swat-II) | Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) | Miangul Aurangzeb |
| NW-18 (Dir) | Jamaat-e-Islami | Sahibzada Saifullah |
| NW-19 (Tribal Area-I) | Independent | Akbar Khan Mohmand |
| NW-20 (Tribal Area-II) | Independent | Haji Saleh Khan |
| NW-21 (Tribal Area-III) | Independent | Naimatullah Khan Shinwari (vacated) Haji Gul Muhammad (by election) |
| NW-22 (Tribal Area-IV) | Independent | Malik Jahangir Khan |
| NW-23 (Tribal Area-V) | Independent | Abdul Malik |
| NW-24 (Tribal Area-VI) | Independent | Jamal Dar |
| NW-25 (Tribal Area-VII) | Independent | Abdul Subhan Khan |
| NW-26 (Rawalpindi-I) | Pakistan People's Party | Khurshid Hassan Mir |
| NW-27 (Rawalpindi-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Malik Muhammad Jaffar |
| NW-28 (Rawalpindi-III) | Pakistan People's Party | Habib Ahmed |
| NW-29 (Rawalpindi-IV) | Pakistan People's Party | Raja Abdul Aziz Bhatti |
| NW-30 (Campbellpur-I) | Council Muslim League | Shaukat Hayat Khan |
| NW-31 (Campbellpur-II) | Council Muslim League | Pir Syed Saifuddin |
| NW-32 (Jhelum-I) | Pakistan People's Party | Dr. Ghulam Hussain |
| NW-33 (Jhelum-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Muhammad Amir Khan |
| NW-34 (Jhelum-III) | Pakistan People's Party | Malik Muhammad Sadiq |
| NW-35 (Gujrat-I) | Council Muslim League | Chaudhry Zahoor Elahi |
| NW-36 (Gujrat-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry (vacated) |
| NW-36 (Gujrat-II) | Muhammad Sardar Khan (by election) | |
| NW-37 (Gujrat-III) | Pakistan People's Party | Chaudhary Manzoor Hussain Daudra |
| NW-38 (Gujrat-IV) | Pakistan People's Party | Chaudhary Ghulam Rasool Tarar |
| NW-39 (Sargodha-I) | Chaudhary Jahangir Ali | |
| NW-40 (Sargodha-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Anwar Ali Noon |
| NW-41 (Sargodha-III) | Pakistan People's Party | Hafeezullah Cheema |
| NW-42 (Sargodha-IV) | Council Muslim League | Malik Karam Bakhsh Awan |
| NW-43 (Sargodha-V) | Council Muslim League | Nawabzada Mian Muhammad Zakir |
| NW-44 (Mianwali-I) | Independent | Nawabzada Malik Muzaffar Khan |
| NW-45 (Mianwali-II) | Council Muslim League | Ghulam Hassan Khan Dhandala |
| NW-46 (Jhang-I) | Markazi Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan | Mehar Ghulam Haider Bharwana |
| NW-47 (Jhang-II) | Markazi Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan | Moulana Muhammad Zakir (d. 1975) |
| NW-47 (Jhang-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Sardarzada Muhammad Ali Shah (by election) |
| NW-48 (Jhang-III) | Markazi Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan | Sahibzada Nazir Sultan |
| NW-49 (Lyallpur-I) | Pakistan People's Party | Mukhtar Rana (disqualified) |
| NW-49 (Lyallpur-I) | Muhammad Afzal Randhawa (by election) | |
| NW-50 (Lyallpur-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Mian Muhammad Attaullah |
| NW-51 (Lyallpur-III) | Pakistan People's Party | Ahsanul Haq |
| NW-52 (Lyallpur-IV) | Pakistan People's Party | Muhammad Bashir Ahmed |
| NW-53 (Lyallpur-V) | Pakistan People's Party | Chaudhary Muhammad Aslam (d. 1975) |
| NW-53 (Lyallpur-V) | Raja Mubaraz Khan (by election) | |
| NW-54 (Lyallpur-VI) | Pakistan People's Party | Rai Hafeezullah Khan |
| NW-55 (Lyallpur-VII) | Pakistan People's Party | Chaudhary Muhammad Anwar Ali Khan |
| NW-56 (Lyallpur-VIII) | Pakistan People's Party | Ghulam Nabi Chaudhary |
| NW-57 (Lyallpur-IX) | Pakistan People's Party | Muhammad Khan Chaudhary |
| NW-58 (Lahore-I) | Pakistan People's Party | Malik Muhammad Akhtar |
| NW-59 (Lahore-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Mubashir Hassan |
| NW-60 (Lahore-III) | Pakistan People's Party | Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (vacated) Mahmud Ali Kasuri (by election) |
| NW-61 (Lahore-IV) | Pakistan People's Party | Sheikh Rasheed Ahmed |
| NW-62 (Lahore-V) | Pakistan People's Party | Malik Meraj Khalid |
| NW-63 (Lahore-VI) | Pakistan People's Party | Ahmad Raza Khan Kasuri |
| NW-64 (Lahore-VII) | Pakistan People's Party | Chaudhary Shafaat Khan Chohan |
| NW-65 (Lahore-VIII) | Pakistan People's Party | Syed Mehmood Abbas Bukhari |
| NW-66 (Sheikhupura-I) | Pakistan People's Party | Chaudhry Mumtaz Ahmed |
| NW-67 (Sheikhupura-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Mian Hamid Yaseen |
| NW-68 (Sheikhupura-III) | Pakistan People's Party | Chaudhary Muhammad Iqbal (d. 1974) |
| NW-68 (Sheikhupura-III) | Nisar Ahmed (by election) | |
| NW-69 (Sheikhupura-IV) | Pakistan People's Party | Rai Shahadat Ali Khan |
| NW-70 (Gujranwala-I) | Pakistan People's Party | Mian Manzoor-e-Hassan (d. 1974) Habibur Rahman (by election) |
| NW-71 (Gujranwala-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Zulfiqar Ali Bajwa (died) |
| NW-71 (Gujranwala-II) | Ali Muhammad Darriwal (by election) | |
| NW-72 (Gujranwala-III) | Pakistan People's Party | Ghulam Haider Cheema |
| NW-73 (Gujranwala-IV) | Pakistan People's Party | Mian Shahadat Khan |
| NW-74 (Sialkot-I) | Pakistan People's Party | Mian Masood Ahmed |
| NW-75 (Sialkot-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Kausar Niazi |
| NW-76 (Sialkot-III) | Pakistan People's Party | Chaudhary Nasrullah Khan (vacated) |
| NW-76 (Sialkot-III) | Council Muslim League | Abdul Wahid (by election) |
| NW-77 (Sialkot-IV) | Pakistan People's Party | Malik Muhammad Suleman |
| NW-78 (Sialkot-V) | Pakistan People's Party | Chaudhary Sultan Ahmed Cheema |
| NW-79 (Multan-I) | Pakistan People's Party | Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (vacated) Sahibzada Farooq Ali (by election) |
| NW-80 (Multan-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Sadiq Hussain Qureshi (vacated) |
| NW-80 (Multan-II) | Sajid Pervez Mian (by election) | |
| NW-81 (Multan-III) | Pakistan People's Party | Sayyid Abbas Hussain Gardezi |
| NW-82 (Multan-IV) | Independent | Zafarullah Khan Chaudhary |
| NW-83 (Multan-V) | Pakistan People's Party | Chaudhary Barkatullah |
| NW-84 (Multan-VI) | Council Muslim League | Mumtaz Daultana (vacated) |
| NW-84 (Multan-VI) | Mian Riaz Ahmed Khan (by election) | |
| NW-85 (Multan-VII) | Pakistan People's Party | Khan Irshad Ahmed Khan |
| NW-86 (Multan-VIII) | Pakistan People's Party | Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi |
| NW-87 (Multan-IX) | Pakistan People's Party | Rana Taj Ahmed Noon |
| NW-88 (Dera Ghazi Khan-I) | Jamaat-e-Islami | Nazir Ahmed (died) |
| NW-88 (Dera Ghazi Khan-I) | Khawaja Ghulam Suleman (by election) | |
| NW-89 (Dera Ghazi Khan-II) | Independent | Sherbaz Khan Mazari |
| NW-90 (Muzaffargarh-I) | Pakistan People's Party | Mahar Manzoor Hussain Sumra |
| NW-91 (Muzaffargarh-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Ghulam Mustafa Khar (vacated) |
| NW-91 (Muzaffargarh-II) | Mian Ghulam Abbas (by election) | |
| NW-92 (Muzaffargarh-III) | Markazi Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan | Mian Muhammad Ibrahim Barq |
| NW-93 (Sahiwal-I) | Pakistan People's Party | Sardar Abdul Aleem |
| NW-94 (Sahiwal-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Chaudhary Muhammad Hanif Khan |
| NW-95 (Sahiwal-III) | Pakistan People's Party | Haji Muhammad Sadiq |
| NW-96 (Sahiwal-IV) | Pakistan People's Party | Rao Khurshid Ali Khan |
| NW-97 (Sahiwal-V) | Pakistan People's Party | Mian Muhammad Hassan Khan |
| NW-98 (Sahiwal-VI) | Pakistan People's Party | Rao Hashim Khan |
| NW-99 (Sahiwal-VII) | Pakistan People's Party | Noor Muhammad |
| NW-100 (Bahawalpur-I) | Council Muslim League | Nizamuddin Haider |
| NW-101 (Bahawalpur-II) | Independent | Saeed-ur-Rashid Abbasi |
| NW-102 (Bahawalnagar cum Bahawalpur) | Pakistan People's Party | Muhammad Shafi |
| NW-103 (Bahawalnagar-I) | Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) | Syed Rafiq Muhammad Shah |
| NW-104 (Bahawalnagar-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Mian Muhammad Rafiq |
| NW-105 (Rahim Yar Khan-I) | Convention Muslim League | Khawaja Jamal Muhammad Koreja |
| NW-106 (Rahim Yar Khan-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Abdul Nabi Khan Kanju |
| NW-107 (Rahim Yar Khan-III) | Independent | Makhdoom Noor Muhammad |
| NW-108 (Jacobabad) | Pakistan People's Party | Mir Dariya Khan Khoso |
| NW-109 (Sukkur-I) | Independent | Moula Bakhsh Soomro |
| NW-110 (Sukkur-II) | Independent | Ali Hassan Mangi |
| NW-111 (Sukkur-III) | Pakistan People's Party | Noor Muhammad Khan Lund |
| NW-112 (Nawabshah-I) | Pakistan People's Party | Hakim Ali Zardari |
| NW-113 (Nawabshah-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi (vacated) Ghulam Mujtaba Jatoi (by election) |
| NW-114 (Khairpur-I) | Pakistan People's Party | Syed Qaim Ali Shah |
| NW-115 (Khairpur-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Pir Syed Abdul Qadir Shah Jillani |
| NW-116 (Larkana-I) | Pakistan People's Party | Zulfikar Ali Bhutto |
| NW-117 (Larkana-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Mumtaz Bhutto |
| NW-118 (Hyderabad-I) | Markazi Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan | Syed Muhammad Ali Rizvi |
| NW-119 (Hyderabad-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Mir Aijaz Ali Talpur |
| NW-120 (Hyderabad-III) | Pakistan People's Party | Makhdoom Muhammad Zaman Talibul Moula |
| NW-121 (Hyderabad-IV) | Pakistan People's Party | Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (vacated) Haji Ali Ahmed Khan (by election) |
| NW-122 (Tharparkar-I) | Pakistan People's Party | Mir Ali Bakhsh Khan Talpur |
| NW-123 (Tharparkar-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Pir Ghulam Rasool Shah Jillani |
| NW-124 (Dadu-I) | Pakistan People's Party | Abdul Hameed Jatoi |
| NW-125 (Dadu-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Malik Sikandar Khan |
| NW-126 (Sanghar) | Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) | Atta Muhammad Marri |
| NW-127 (Thatta) | Pakistan People's Party | Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (vacated) Ameen Faheem (by election) |
| NW-128 (Karachi-I) | Markazi Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan | Abdul Mustafa Al-Azhari |
| NW-129 (Karachi-II) | Pakistan People's Party | Abdul Hafeez Pirzada |
| NW-130 (Karachi-III) | Pakistan People's Party | Abdul Sattar Gabol |
| NW-131 (Karachi-IV) | Jamaat-e-Islami | Mehmood Azam Farooqi |
| NW-132 (Karachi-V) | Jamaat-e-Islami | Abdul Ghafoor Ahmed |
| NW-133 (Karachi-VI) | Independent | Zafar Ahmed Ansari |
| NW-134 (Karachi-VII) | Markazi Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan | Shah Ahmad Noorani (vacated) |
| NW-134 (Karachi-VII) | Pakistan People's Party | Noorul Arfin (by election) |
| NW-135 (Quetta-I) | Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam | Maulvi Abdul Haq |
| NW-136 (Quetta-II) | National Awami Party (Wali) | Khair Bakhsh Marri (vacated) |
| NW-136 (Quetta-II) | Council Muslim League | Taj Muhammad Jamali (by-election) |
| NW-137 (Kalat-I) | National Awami Party (Wali) | Abdul Hai Baloch |
| NW-138 (Kalat-II) | National Awami Party (Wali) | Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo |
The elected Assembly initially did not meet as President Yahya Khan and the Pakistan Peoples Party did not want the majority party from East Pakistan forming government. This caused great unrest in East Pakistan. The military junta responded by executing Operation Searchlight, which led to the Bangladesh War of Independence, with East Pakistan becoming the independent state of Bangladesh. The Assembly session was eventually held when Yahya resigned four days after Pakistan surrendered to Bangladesh and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto took over. Bhutto became the Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1973, after the post was recreated by the new Constitution.
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